Obstetrics Part 1

Question 1

What happens during the first two weeks of menstrual cycle

Answer 1

Ovulation. Dominated by estrogen, endometrium thickens

Question 2

What happens when there’s a surge of LH and FSH

Answer 2

Ovulation occurs (egg travels down to fallopian tubes to uterus)

Question 3

How many days does it take for menstruation to occur when an egg is not fertilized

Answer 3

14 days

Question 4

What is the ovum called when it implants

Answer 4

Blastocyst

Question 5

What triggers placental tissues

Answer 5

Implantation

Question 6

Implantation stimulates what hormone

Answer 6

Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)

Question 7

How many weeks does it take after fertilization for placenta to develop

Answer 7

3 Weeks

Question 8

What are 7 things the placenta does

Answer 8

1. Transfers heat. 2. Gas exchange. 3. Delivers nutrients (glucose, K+, Na+, Cl-) 4. Carries away wastes (Urea, Uric acid, Creatine) 5. Endocrine gland 6. Acts as a liver 7. Barrier against harmful substances

Question 9

4 physiologic changes in the reproductive system

Answer 9

Vascular system, formation of mucous plug in cervix, estrogen causes vaginal mucosa to thicken, breast enlargement

Question 10

3 regular physiological things In the uterus

Answer 10

7.5 cm long, 5cm wide, 2cm thick. 30-40 grams. Total fluid capacity 10ml

Question 11

3 regular physiological things in uterus near end of pregnancy

Answer 11

Approx 30cm long. Weighs approx 1100 g. Total fluid capacity 1-2 liters

Question 12

What are 3 respiratory changes progesterone causes

Answer 12

Decreased airway resistance, oxygen consumption increases by 20%, tidal volume increases gradually to about 40%

Question 13

What does the mothers blood volume increase gradually to from 4-5 L ?

Answer 13

6-7 Liters, approx a 45% increase

Question 14

What is increase risk during pregnancy and 6 weeks after?

Answer 14

Thrombosis

Question 15

Why are mothers at higher risk of thrombosis during pregnancy

Answer 15

An increasedhypercoagulable state due to decreasing bleeding during miscarriage and child birth

Question 16

What does a mother heart rate increase by?

Answer 16

10-15 BPM (increased cardiac output)

Question 17

When are mothers at greatest risk of heart failure

Answer 17

Postpartum

Question 18

What position should mothers be especially put in the 3rd trimester

Answer 18

Left lateral recumbent, RAISE RIGHT HIP

Question 19

Average weight gain in pregnancy

Answer 19

12.3 KG

Question 20

What are 3 things the pregnancy hormone relaxin does

Answer 20

Causes collagen tissues to soften, generates relaxation of ligamentous system, contributes to lordosis of later pregnancy and flexion of neck. Pretty much relaxes all muscles as your body is accommodating the baby

Question 21

Isoimmunization (RH Disease)

Answer 21

Only occurs if the woman is Rh negative and becomes pregnant by a man who is rh positive

Question 22

How to treat Rh disease

Answer 22

Mother is immunized with Rhogam injection

Question 23

Pyelonephritis

Answer 23

Inflammation of kidneys often cause by bacterial growth

Question 24

Normal blood loss during delivery

Answer 24

Under 500mL normal

Question 25

Moderate blood loss

Answer 25

500mL-1000mL

Question 26

Severe blood loss

Answer 26

More than 1000mL

Question 27

What causes morning sickness

Answer 27

Hormone level changes and carbohydrate needs

Question 28

How long is each trimester

Answer 28

12 weeks each

Question 29

What are two things that occur in the first trimester

Answer 29

All major organ systems develop. Vulnerable to defects at this time

Question 30

What are two things that occur in the second trimester

Answer 30

Completion of organ development, placenta produces sufficient amounts of progesterone to maintain endometrial lining

Question 31

Kidney changes during pregnancy

Answer 31

Increase in length up to 2cm, ureters get longer wider and more curved. Increased blood volume meaning increased CO causing increased urination

Question 32

GI system changes

Answer 32

Peristalsis is slowed causing bloating and constipstion

Question 33

MSK changes

Answer 33

Loosened pelvic joints, waddling gait, lower back pain, abdominal muscles tend to lose their tone

Question 34

Cardio changes

Answer 34

Size of heart increases 10-15%. Heart shifts up and to the left it’s a slight rotation on its axis

Question 35

3rd trimester development

Answer 35

Fetal weight gain, beginning weighs 2-2 1/2 pounds and once 8 months 5 pounds then.last month half a pound a week. Estrogen production by placenta stimulates labour and delivery

Question 36

Until how many weeks is a baby premature

Answer 36

Less than 37 weeks

Question 37

When is it called an embryo

Answer 37

Up to 8 weeks

Question 38

When is it called a fetus

Answer 38

After 8 weeks

Question 39

Fetal development at 3 months

Answer 39

Uterus above symphysis, fingers and toes with signs of gender

Question 40

Fetal development 4 months

Answer 40

12 cm long, distinguish male or female

Question 41

Fetal development 5 months

Answer 41

Scalp hair and lanugo. Height of umbilicus

Question 42

Fetal development 6 months

Answer 42

Eyebrows and lashes , eyes fused, will attempt to breathe if born

Question 43

Fetal development 7 months

Answer 43

Eyes open, vernix, cries weakly and moves limbs

Question 44

When is surfactant therapy needed

Answer 44

Born before 30 weeks

Question 45

Fetal development 8 months

Answer 45

1800 grams, may have rds, neonatal care center needed

Question 46

Fetal development 9 months

Answer 46

2500 grams, subcutaneous fat causes body to become round and wrinkles are lost

Question 47

Premature deliveries of _________________ have a good chance of surviving

Answer 47

Greater than 1kg, 28-36 weeks

Question 48

4 components of placenta

Answer 48

1. Connected to fetus by umbilical cord, protective barrier against harmful substances, expelled after birth, 15-28 cotyledons

Question 49

What weeks are considered full term

Answer 49

More than 37