Obstetrics Weeks 1-2

Question 1

3 trimesters of pregnancy weeks?

Answer 1

1st: 1-12
2nd: 13-27
3rd: 28-birth (37-42)

Question 2

what is the most accurate way of determining a due date?

Answer 2

ultrasound in first trimester

Question 3

miscarriage definition?

Answer 3

loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation

Question 4

What symptoms during pregnancy require emergency medical care?

Answer 4

large clots
heavy bleeding
severe abdo pain
fever
dizziness
diarrhea

Question 5

What hormonal changes occur during pregnancy?

Answer 5

Human chorionic gonadotrophin
Progesterone
Estrogen
Relaxin

Question 6

morning sickness can be related to a rise i which hormone during pregnancy?

Answer 6

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

doubles every 2 days during first 10 weeks

Question 7

what effect does a rise in progesterone have during pregnancy?

Answer 7

• inhibits smooth muscle and increases ligament laxity
• bowel muscles to relax and cartilage to soften
• fatigue

Question 8

what effect does a rise in estrogen have during pregnancy?

Answer 8

enables uterus and placenta to improve vascularisation

- milk duct development

Question 9

what effect does a rise in relaxin have during pregnancy?

Answer 9

relaxes ligaments of cervix for birth

Question 10

What are some key CV and respiratory changes that occur during pregnancy?

Answer 10

increase in:

• plasma volume
• cardiac output
• metabolic rate
• O2 consumption
• glucose and insulin changes

Question 11

What are the routine tests during pregnancy?

Answer 11

• U/S at 11-13 and 20 weeks
• BP
• Blood tests
• Urinalysis
• GTT
• Group B Streptococcus at 36 weeks
  (BBUUGG)

Question 12

Serious conditions not to be missed during pregnancy?

Answer 12

3 x P, M and E

• Preeclampsia
• Premature rupture of membranes
• Placental abruption
• Miscarriage
• Ectopic pregnancy

Question 13

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 13

when a fertilised egg implants itself outside the womb, usually in one of the fallopian tubes

Question 14

key SSx of ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 14

unilateral abdo pain
vaginal bleeding
bowel pain
shoulder tip pain
vomiting and diarrhea

Question 15

key SSx of preeclampsia?

Answer 15

• High BP
• Protein in urine
  sudden face, hand or feet swelling
• persistent HA, blurred vision

Question 16

key signs of gestational diabetes?

Answer 16

increased thirst, urination and fatigue

Question 17

What nutrient when taken before conception can prevent 70% of neural tube defects?

Answer 17

folate: vegetables, fruit, nuts, seafood, meat and dairy

Question 18

foods to avoid during pregnancy?

Answer 18

Lysteria risk: deli meat, cheese, uncooked seafood
Salmonella
Mercury: certain types of fish

Question 19

what hormone inhibits uterine contractions?

Answer 19

Relaxin

Question 20

what hormone suppresses immune system of mother?

Answer 20

hCG

Question 21

when is a pregnancy considered a full term?

Answer 21

after 37 weeks

Question 22

what are the options for birth?

Answer 22

public maternity hospital
private obstetrician
private midwife
hone birth

Question 23

1st stage of labour?

Answer 23

first onset of contractions at 3 cm dilation to full dilation of cervix

Question 24

2nd stage of labour?

Answer 24

from full dilation (10cm) to birth

Question 25

3rd stage of labour?

Answer 25

delivery of placenta

Question 26

what is the optimal position of the baby for birth?

Answer 26

left occiput anterior

Question 27

Types of breech presentations?

Answer 27

Breech: head is superior Frank complete footling

Question 28

non-medical pain relief during birth?

Answer 28

Tens acupressure/massage intradermal water injections

Question 29

medical pain relief during birth?

Answer 29

gas (nitrous oxide) pethidine epidural

Question 30

epidural?

Answer 30

An anesthetic injected into the epidural space surrounding the fluid-filled sac (the dura) around the spinal cord. It partially numbs the abdomen and legs and is most commonly used during childbirth

Question 31

induction of labour may involve?

Answer 31

``` administration of prostaglandins or oxytocin OR manual rupturing the amniotic membranes OR cervical balloon catheter ```

Question 32

Episiotomy?

Answer 32

cut made into the perineum an posterior vaginal wall

Question 33

assisted delivery?

Answer 33

vaccum | forceps

Question 34

typical recovery time for C-section patients?

Answer 34

will need major abdo surgery | ~ 6-8 weeks

Question 35

when can pelvic floor exercise be performed after delivery?

Answer 35

1-2 days after delivery

Question 36

diastasis recti:

Answer 36

2 or more finger spaces | abdominal separation

Question 37

what are the milestones needed for an infant to be allowed to go home from a neonatal nursery?

Answer 37

``` breathe without oxygen outgrow bradcardia/apnea feed by mouth maintain stable temp hearing, car seat safety, heart disease screening ```