Paediatrics

Question 1

Types of breast feeding positions:

Answer 1

• sidelying
• Laid back
• football hold
• cross cradle
• cradle

Question 2

What can we do when a mother expresses difficulty or pain with breastfeeding?

Answer 2

refer them to a lactation consultant or ABA counselor

PANDA

Question 3

alternative options for breastfeeding?

Answer 3

• express breast milk
• donor milk
• formula

Question 4

Where is the lingual frenulum?

Answer 4

the cord that stretches fro under the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Question 5

Tongue tie?

Answer 5

short, thick, tight or broad lingual frenulum

Question 6

when does reflux peak?

Answer 6

4 months

only 5% still have symptoms at 12 months

Question 7

Reflux treatment

Answer 7

• reduce quantity but increase frequency of feeds
• burp more often during feed
• raise cot so on a small angle
• milk thickeners

Question 8

osteopathic treatment for reflux:

Answer 8

diaphragm
ribs
back
tongue
mouth
vagus nerve

Question 9

SSx of pyloric stenosis

Answer 9

2- 6 weeks

vomiting, weight loss/ poor weight gain

Question 10

intussusception

Answer 10

• bowel telescopes on itself and fluids/food become blocked
• intense abdo pain - knees up to chest
• abdo swelling, vomiting bile
• blood and mucus in stool

Question 11

Developmental dysplasia of the hip DDH

Answer 11

deformation or misalignment of hip joint

Question 12

DDH demographic

Answer 12

4 times more common in girls

• breech position
• family history

Question 13

colic?

Answer 13

severe pain in the abdomen caused by wind or obstruction in the intestines and suffered especially by babies

Question 14

What roles can an osteopath assist with in infants who’ve had a frenectomy?

Answer 14

stretching: tongue and lips

Question 15

how often should stretching of the lip and tongue occur following frenectomy?

Answer 15

stretch and massage area 6 times a day for 3 weeks

Question 16

what are signs of DDH?

Answer 16

• assyeterical skin folds on the thighs or buttocks
• limited hip abduction
• leg length discrepancy

Question 17

DDH?

Answer 17

abnormal development of the hip OR congenital dislocation of the hip, which is often

Question 18

What is the Barlow manouver?

Answer 18

ortho test for DDH

- hip adduction with posterior force applied to the knee

Question 19

What is the Ortolani manouver?

Answer 19

ortho test for DDH:

- hip abduction and traction

Question 20

What SSx may inidcate osteo treatment for an infant?

Answer 20

• feeding difficulties
• unsettled/reflux
• tongue tie
• plagiocephaly
  birth complications/interventions (mother)

Question 21

plagiocephaly?

Answer 21

flat head syndrome: flattening of one side of the skull

Question 22

What is an APGAR score?

Answer 22

a quick test performed on a baby at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, to monitor the baby’s health

Question 23

what does APGAR stand for?

Answer 23

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 24

low APGAR score?

Answer 24

lower than 6

Question 25

General observation of the baby involves checking?

Answer 25

``` skin colour skin spots hair spots palmar creases alertness ```

Question 26

General examination of the baby involves?

Answer 26

``` observation head shape abdominal exam neuro exam primitive reflexes Hips (ortolanis/barlows) shoulders/arms ```

Question 27

new born cranium bones?

Answer 27

2 x frontal 2 x parietal 1 x occipital

Question 28

Sutures to examine on a babies cranium:

Answer 28

metopic: coronal sagittal lambdoid

Question 29

fontanelles to examine on a babies cranium:

Answer 29

anterior posterior sphenoidal mastoid