OC

Question 1

Retained cartilaginous core suggests damage to what area?

Answer 1

resting zone cartilage canal vessels and metaphyseal blood supply

Question 2

List palliative, reparative, and restorative techniques to treat OCD

Answer 2

Palliative & reparative:
curettage
spongialization
abrasion arthroplasty
forage (osteostixis)
microfracture (+/- growth factor or matrix augmentation hyaluranon)

Restorative:
fragment reattachment
mosaic plasty
osteochondral autograft transplantation
osteochondral resurfacing

Question 3

What are 2 theories for diffuse OC development

Answer 3

dyschondroplasia - abnormal maturation of chondrocytes

osteopenic subchondral (overnutrition) bone can’t support cartilage

Question 4

What are 4 grades/classification of OCD

Answer 4

1. surface normal; slightly thick cartilage; minimal subchondral defect
2. surface mottled; thick cartilage; small cleft between cartilage/subchondral bone
3. discoid elevation cartilage surface; large cleft; sclerotic subchondral bone
4. partially detached cartilage flap/joint mice

Question 5

What is type 1 vs type 2 OC lesions

Answer 5

Type 1 - center of affected articular surface away from vascular attachments

Type 2 - joint margin and retain vascular attachment

Question 6

Where do type 1 vs type 2 each occur

Answer 6

Type 1 - caudal humeral head, medial humeral condyle, lateral femoral condyle

Type 2 - medial and lateral talus

Question 7

What is a theory for focal OC

Answer 7

vascular trauma or necrosis of subchondral bone or epiphyseal cartilage canals

Question 8

Name the 4 zones of growth plate

Answer 8

resting, proliferative, hypertrophic, mineralization

Question 9

What are the layers/components of articular epiphyseal complex

Answer 9

Outer layer:
1-superficial zone
2-transitional
3-radial
4-zone of calcified cartilage

Inner layer:
1-disorganized/no___ columnar zone
2-chondroepiphysis abundant vasculature

Question 10

Where is tidemark?

Answer 10

between radial and calcified zone

Question 11

Explain difference of OC latens, manifesta, dissecans

Answer 11

latens - early microscopic lesion
manifesta - subclinical lesions macroscopically and seen on rads
dissecans - loose cartilage flap

Question 12

Which sex predominates (except which joint)

Answer 12

males > females except tarsus

Question 13

what is Hueter-volkmann law

Answer 13

growth is retarded by increased mechanical compression and accelerated by reduced loading in comparison with normal values

Question 14

what are 3 overlapping stages that involve the articular cartilage layer in developing OA?

Answer 14

• extracellular matrix degrades: water content increases leading to aggrecan size decreases. this causes collagen network to become compromised and leads to cartilage stiffness decrease
• chondrocytes enhance proliferation and metabolic activity
• chondrocytes can’t keep up their repair activity - complete loss of cartilage

Question 15

end result of COX (-) is what?

Answer 15

to decrease PGE 2

Question 16

what are surgery management options of OA

Answer 16

joint debridement and micropik sx
joint replacement
arthrodesis/salvage

Question 17

what breed is predisposed to systemic lupus erythematosus?

Answer 17

nova scotia ducking tolling retriever

Question 18

are osteophytes present on joint films common or uncommon with nonerosive disease

Answer 18

uncommon

Question 19

list 4 types of nonerosive IMPA and % frequency?

Answer 19

type 1 - most common; idiopathic - 50% of those without multisystem
type 2 - with infection remote from joint - 25%
type 3 - GI disease 15%
type 4 - neoplastic

Question 20

for type 1 IMPA (non-erosive) what is cure rate?

Answer 20

56%
31% relapse rate

Question 21

for type 2 IMPA (non-erosive) where are the infection site located

Answer 21

endocarditis, respiratory, skin, abscess, genitourinary

Question 22

for drug induced IMPA, what are the drugs and breed predisposition?

Answer 22

sulfonamides, penicillin derivative, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephalosporins

Doberman

Question 23

prognosis for breed-associated IMPA (non-erosive)

Answer 23

sharpei-fever = poor (goes to kidneys)

Question 24

what is another breed affected besides sharpei

Answer 24

japanese akita

Question 25

how do you diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 25

rads - erosive changes in joints
rheumatoid factor in serum (IgM +/- IgA)
the ‘II’ criteria evaluated
classic - 7 criteria fulfilled, definitive - 5

Question 26

what are 2 other erosive IMPAs?

Answer 26

polyarthritis of greyhounds
feline chronic progressive polyarthritis

Question 27

what are risk factors for bacterial infective arthritis

Answer 27

previous sx; pre-existing joint disease

Question 28

for bacterial infective arthritis how long do you treat with antibiotics

Answer 28

until cell count within normal range and neutrophils at or < 3% on synovial fluid count