O.C WHOLE Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
process of sharing messages or information
between the speaker and receiver using channels,
contexts, media, and cultures.
A
COMMUNICATION
2
Q
could be done using the verbal and
non-verbal cues.
A
COMMUNICATION
3
Q
can be seen in different situations such as a
face-to-face interaction, a phone call conversation, a
varied group discussion, an interview, a class
discussion and recitation, and many others.
A
COMMUNICATION
4
Q
— Elements of Communication
A
- SPEAKER
- MESSAGE
- ENCODING
- CHANNEL
- DECODING
- RECEIVER
- FEEDBACK
- CONTEXT
- BARRIER
5
Q
Nature of Communication
A
❱ Communication is a process that unfolds over time
and creates our social world.
❱ Communication occurs between two or more
people (the speaker and the receiver).
❱ Communication can be expressed through words
(verbal), action (nonverbal), or both at the same time.
6
Q
— Process of Communication
A
- The speaker generates an idea
- The speaker encodes an idea/ converts the idea into words/actions
- The speaker transmits/sends out a message
- The receiver gets the message
- The receiver decodes/interprets the message based on the context
- The receiver sends or provides feedback.
7
Q
- the source of information or message.
A
SPEAKER
8
Q
the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the
speaker in words or in actions.
A
MESSAGE
9
Q
- the process of converting the message into words,
actions, or other forms that the speaker understands.
A
ENCODING
10
Q
the medium or the means, such as personal or
non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the
encoded message is conveyed.
A
CHANNEL
11
Q
the process of interpreting the encoded message of
the speaker by the receiver.
A
DECODING
12
Q
the recipient of the message, or someone who
decodes the message.
A
RECEIVER
13
Q
the reactions, responses, or information provided
by the receiver
A
FEEDBACK
14
Q
environment where communication takes place.
A
CONTEXT
15
Q
the factors that affect the flow of communication.
A
BARRIER
16
Q
— Functions of Communication
A
❱ CONTROL
❱ SOCIAL INTERACTION
❱ MOTIVATION
❱ EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
❱ INFOMATION DISSEMINATION
17
Q
- communication functions to control behavior.
A
CONTROL
18
Q
- this communication motivates or encourages
people to live better.
A
❱ MOTIVATION
19
Q
- this communication facilitates people’s expression
of their feelings and emotions.
A
❱ EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
20
Q
- communication functions to convey information.
A
❱ INFOMATION DISSEMINATION
21
Q
- this communication allows individuals to interact
with others, used to produce social relationships;
used to develop bonds.
A
❱ SOCIAL INTERACTION
22
Q
— Models of Communication ―
THREE MAJOR MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
A
❱ LINEAR COMMUNICATION MODEL
❱ TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION MODEL
❱ INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODEL
23
Q
one-way process where the
sender is the only source of the message and the
receiver doesn’t give feedback or response.
A
❱ LINEAR COMMUNICATION MODEL
24
Q
the message signal is encoded and transmitted
through a channel with the presence of noise
A
❱ LINEAR COMMUNICATION MODEL
25
- two way process, purpose of transaction
TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION MODEL
26
the exchange of messages between sender and
receiver where each take turns to send or receive
messages.
TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION MODEL
27
both “sender” and “receiver” are known as
**“communicators”** and their role reverses each time in
the communication process as both processes of
sending and receiving occurs at the same time.
TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION MODEL
28
also known as **convergence model**
INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODEL
29
21st century way of interaction where response is a
must, channel is emphasized, message and
feedback is through a channel, and can
communicate to things, not just humans.
INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODEL
30
deals with exchange of ideas and messages taking
place both ways from sender and receiver and
vice-versa.
INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODEL
31
this is a relatively new model of communication for
new technologies like web.
INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION MODEL
32
— All Models of Communication
- Shannon-Weaver Model
- Lasswell’s Cmm. Model
- Aristotle's Model of Cmm.
- David Berlo's Model
- Transactional Model
- Barnlund's Model
- Interactive Model
- Schramm's Model
33
— LINEAR MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
❱ SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949)
❱ LASSWELL'S COMMUNICATION MODEL
❱ ARISTOTLE'S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
❱ DAVID BERLO'S MODEL
34
୨— INTERACTIVE MODELS ―୧
❱ SCHRAMM'S MODEL
35
୨— TRANSACTIONAL MODELS ―୧
❱ BARNLUND'S MODEL
36
- communication as linear or one-way process.
- known as the mother of all communication models.
❱ SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949)
37
lacks one essential element in the communication
process which is feedback.
❱ SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949)
38
consists of five elements
source (producer of message);
transmitter (encoder of message into signals);
channel (signals adapted for transmission);
receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and
destination
39
also known as **action model, linear model or one
way model of communication** and is regarded as the
**most influential communication model**
❱ LASSWELL'S COMMUNICATION MODEL
40
developed by communication theorist in LASSWELL'S COMMUNICATION MODEL
Harold D. Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948
41
- the **first and earliest linear model**
- who was a teacher of Rhetoric and even put up an
academy to produce good speakers.
❱ ARISTOTLE'S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
42
- the speech must relate to the audience based on
the occasion.
❱ ARISTOTLE'S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
43
In 1960, Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) Model of Communication from Shanon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949).
❱ DAVID BERLO'S MODEL
44
described the factors affecting the individual
components in the communication which makes the
communication more efficient.
- focuses on the encoding and decoding which
happens before the sender sends the message and
before the receiver receives the message
respectively.
❱ DAVID BERLO'S MODEL
45
- the effectiveness of communication depends on the
quality of each element / component.
- the more "series" involved, the more
understandable and effective communication is
❱ DAVID BERLO'S MODEL
46
- the most systematic model of communication
❱ BARNLUND'S MODEL
47
the model has been further adapted and reformed
by other theorists as general transaction Model
❱ BARNLUND'S MODEL
48
This is a continuous process where sender and
receiver interchange their places and both are
equally important.
❱ BARNLUND'S MODEL
49
- a multi layered feedback system for all parties
involved. Anyone can be a sender or receiver
simultaneously.
- The message passing takes place with constant
feedback being provided from both parties. A
feedback for one is the message for the othe
❱ BARNLUND'S MODEL
50
refer to the signs for doing something.
Cues
51
physical, environmental or artificial
and natural or man-made
Public cues
52
(person’s personal thoughts and background
Private cues
53
person’s behavior, that can be
verbal (Cbehv) and nonverbal (Cbehnv)).
Behavioral cues
54
shows that the availability of cues
can be unlimited and are denoted as VVVV.
- Jagged line
55
+, 0 and – are also attached to
these types of cues which illustrates the
amount/degree/strength of attractiveness of the cues
in the message.
valence signs
56
refers to a particular instance of
communication in the model.
Speech act
57
the realities of people engaged in
communication. Here the senders’ and receivers’
personal filters might differ according to cultures,
traditions, content of the message, etc.
Filters
58
the problem that arises in communication
flow and disturbs the message flow.
Noise
59
one who proposed the
schramm model, is considered the father of mass
communication
Wilbur Schramm
60
He asserts that communication can take place if
and only if there is an overlap between the Field of
Experience of the Speaker and the Field of
Experience of the Listener.
❱ SCHRAMM'S MODEL
61
- Field of Experience are the things that influence the
understanding and interpretation of message like
culture, social background, beliefs, experiences,
values, and rules.
❱ SCHRAMM'S MODEL
62
- there's a presence of signal
- very contextualize model
- depends on the field of experience
❱ SCHRAMM'S MODEL
63
PROBLEMS THAT EMANATE FROM THE SOURCE/SENDER
1. Problems in the language proficiency/skills
2. Lack of sensitivity to the receiver’s background
3. Lack of preparation
4. Negative perception of self and other emotional problems
( lacks self-confidence or who possesses
emotional problems; stage fright)
5. Language barrier
(people who speak different languages from one another will have problems in understanding.)
64
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
Emotional Barriers
Language Barrier
Psychological Barrier
Physical Barrier
65
use of words in sharing information with other people.
Verbal communication
66
- includes both spoken and written communication
- mostly face-to-face
- all about the words one chooses and how the receiver interprets it
Verbal communication
67
POSSIBLE BARRIERS TO VERBAL COMMUNICATION:
- People
- Mores
- Opinions and beliefs
- Topic
- Communicative Situation
- Language Choice
68
transmitting messages without using words; can effectively communicate many human feelings.
Non-Verbal Communication
69
Non-Verbal Communication Used in
- Language of gestures
- Facial Exressions
- Language of color
- Language of flowers
- Language of space
- Language of time
- Language of touch (Haptics)
- Posture and Body Orientation
70
FEATURES OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
SEVEN (7) C’s of Effective Communication
- Completeness
- Conciseness
- Consideration
- Concreteness
- Courtesy
- Clearness
- Correctness
71
not considered part of standard
vocabulary of language and that are used very informally
in speech especially by a particular group of people
slang
72
language used by a
specific trade or profession — affect successful
communication.
jargon
73
essential to the quality of the communication process in
general.
COMPLETENESS
74
the message short but making
it direct or straight to the point.
CONCISENESS
75
the speaker should always consider
relevant information about his/her receiver such as mood,
background, race, preference, education, status, and
needs, among others
CONSIDERATION
76
the message is
concrete and supported
CONCRETENESS
77
respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his or her
receivers. Being courteous always creates a positive
impact to the audience
COURTESY
78
use of simple and specific words to express
ideas and is also achieved when the speaker focuses only
on a single objective in his/her speech so as not to
confuse the audience.
CLEARNESS
79
grammar and sentence structure eliminates negative
impact on the audience
CORRECTNESS
80
is characterized by a lack of confidence and feeling badly
about oneself.
❱ LOW SELF-ESTEEM
81
mental walls that keep you from openly
communicating your thoughts and feelings to others. They
prevent you from being yourself and living your life to the
fullest
❱ EMOTIONAL BARRIER
82
a lack of communication; a
failure to exchange information
❱ COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWN
83
- a factor that affects or hinders the flow of communication
BARRIER
