Occular trauma Flashcards
What should be included in the assessment of ocular trauma?
Good history of incident
Visual acuities
Examination of eye - lids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior segment, pupils, fundus
Why should fluorescein drops be used?
To identify areas of epithelial loss
What type of light should be used with fluorescein drops?
Blue light on slit lamp to examine the cornea
What muscle can be trapped in a blow out fracture?
Inferior rectus
What sign can be seen on CT of a blow out fracture?
Tear drop sign
What is a hyphema?
Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
How can retinal detachment occur?
Common cause of visual loss
Can occur secondary to trauma - vitreous gel detached from the back wall and tugs on retina
Internal fluid gets through tear
What are common blunt force injuries to the eye?
Globe rupture Dislocated lens Tearing of intraocular structures Retinal detachment Choroidal tear Commotio retinae Optic nerve avulsion Intraocular disruption
What injuries can occur due to penetrating trauma?
Orbital injury
Eye-lid injury
Corneal laceration
Scleral laceration
What is sympathetic ophthalmia?
Penetrating injury to one eye exposes the eye to antigens resulting in an auto-immune reaction in both eyes
Bilateral blindness
Where can small foreign bodies be in the eye?
Sub-tarsal Conjunctival Corneal Intraocular Intraorbital
When should you be suspicious of a penetrating foreign body?
Irregular pupil
Anterior chamber shallow
Localised cataract
Gross inflammation
What should ALWAYS be done if an intraocular foreign body is suspected?
X-ray
Describe an alkaline burn?
Easy, rapid penetration
Cicatrising changes to conjunctiva and cornea
Penetration of intraocular structures
Describe an acid burn?
Coagulates protein on surface of eye so little penetration
