Introduction Flashcards
What makes up the eye?
Conjunctiva Sclera Cornea Uvea - iris, ciliary body, choroid Retina Lens Aqueous - production and drainage Vitreous
What is the purpose of rods?
Sensitive to low levels of light - night vision/ periphieral vision
What is the purpose of cones?
Detailed vision (acuity) Colour vision
What are the extra-occular muscles?
Medial rectus Lateral rectus Inferior rectus Superior rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique
What is included in the occular adnexae?
Lids
Lacrimal glands
Lacrimal sac
Naso-lacrimal duct
What is included in the visual pathway?
Optic nerve
Optic chiasm
Optic radiation
Visual cortex
What cranial nerves control the eye?
Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial
What is emmetropia?
No refractive error
What should be included in the questions regarding visual loss in an ophthalmic history?
Visual loss Onset - gradual or sudden Duration Progressive or nonprogressive Transient, improving Localisation - central, peripheral or bilateral Severity - amaurosis
What should be included in the questions regarding glare in an ophthalmic history?
Glare: Distortion (metamorphospia) Photophobia Flashing lights/ floaters Oscillopsia Diplopia (mononuclear or binocular)
What should be included in an ophthalmic examination?
Facial appearance Lids Conjunctiva - redness Cornea - reflex, opacity, floresein Pupils Red reflex Fundus = ophthalmoscopy
What equipment might be needed in an ophthalmic examination?
Eye drops: flourescein, anaesthetic, mydriatic Acuity chart Pen torch Magnifying aid Ophthalmoscope
How is visual function tested?
Visual acuity
Visual field
Colour vision
