Occupational Health Flashcards

(42 cards)

1
Q

Define occupational medicine

A

Clinical component of occupational health
It is concerned with the effects of work in health and the influence of pre existing health problems on the capacity to work

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2
Q

Occupational health

A

Promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental social wellbeing of all workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people and people to their jobs

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3
Q

OH core services

A

Prevention - ill health caused/ exacerbated by work
Timely intervention
Rehabilitation - help to stay in work and return to work
Health assessment for work
Promotion of health and wellbeing
Teaching and training - staff to support health and wellbeing
Fitness for work, work place safety and the prevention of occupational injuries and disease
Appropriate adjustments at work and to help people continue working
Policies to maintain a safe and healthy work place
Research into work related health issues
Advise on mental health and ill health retirement

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4
Q

OH team

A
Occupational physician 
GP
OH nurse 
O Hygienist 
O psychologist 
Physio
Ergonomists 
Engineers 
Safety practitioners
Employee 
Employer 
Safety rep 
Lawyers
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5
Q

Role of OH

A

Help people get back into work if they have been unemployed or maintain their current job
Such as changing a full time role to a part time role
Physical works to sedentary

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6
Q

Advantages of working

A
Income
Status - self esteem 
Purpose/ identity 
Social connectedness 
Security 
Work is good for health
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7
Q

Unemployment harm to health

A

Families without a working member more likely to suffer low income and poverty
Inc risk of psychiatric disorders in children 5-15 in those whose parents have never worked

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8
Q

Nature of working is changing

A
Becoming more sedentary not as physical 
Not long term jobs shorter contracted 
Flexible that long working hours 
Not manufacturers any more to a service industry 
Working to a master age
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9
Q

Define hazard

A

Substance agent or physical situation with potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health

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10
Q

Define risk

A

Is the likelihood of harm or an undesired event occurring - probability that the substance or agent will cause adverse effect under the conditions of use and or exposure and the possible extent of harm

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11
Q

Role of governments

A

Safety legislation
Enforced by HSE
H and S at work at 1974 breach can lead to criminal prosecution

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12
Q

OH services

A

No legal obligation for all employers to provide OHS but they must meet legislation
Professional bodies
- faculty of O medicine
- society of O medicine

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13
Q

Fit for work assessment.

A

Free in England and Wales part of NHS
Accept referrals after 4 weeks sickness absence
Referral from GP or employer
Aim to facilitate earlier return to work
Provides an OH assessment and general health and work advice to employers, employees and GP

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14
Q

Benefits of OH

A
Improve work place safety - identifying hazards and controlling risks
Keep workforce fit for task 
Reduce sickness absence 
Rehabilitation and assisting RTW 
Improve workability - identifying work place adjustments to accommodate individuals 
Maximise productivity and profit 
Retain skilled workers in employment 
Comply with the law
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15
Q

Occupational disease

A

Disease caused by work or the environment

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16
Q

Work related disease

A

Disease initiated, hampered or easy to get by working

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17
Q

Why is there interest in identifying occupational disease

A

Because work related ill health costs money

Work place health and welfare systems exists to improve health, wellbeing and productivity of the work force

18
Q

What can cause occupational disease

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological
Psychosocial factors in the workplace

19
Q

Impact of illness at work

A

Increased risk to the individual
Increased risk to colleagues
Increased risk to the public
Damage to reputation

20
Q

Most common work related illness

A

Musculoskeletal
Mental health
Respiratory condition.
Skin

21
Q

Illness at work

A

Coincidental
Index cases
Exacerbated by work
Caused by work

22
Q

Recognising work related ill health

A

History
Examination
Investigations

23
Q

Occupational history

A
What you do for a living 
What do you actually do at work
Tools do you use to work 
Have more than one job 
Any different kinds of work in the past 
Symptoms do you get at work 
Are they absent at home 
Don't ask for job name need to ask exact take cos can be different
24
Q

Reporting systems for ill health

A

Voluntary
Statutory
Periodic

RIDDOR - reporting injuries, disease or dangerous occurs dead regulations

25
When is a fitness to work assessment required
Pre employment - occupational health advisor After sickness - OH advisor or GP Interval assessment dependent on job requirements. After an incident at work Possible retirement on grounds of ill health Job change GP rarely involved up to employer to hire an OH advisors
26
Return to work
Gp assessment. ``` Does the patient want to return to work Does the patient need to be 100% before returning to work ? Aim of assessment Effects of health on work Effects of work on health Workplace adjustments/adaptations required for employee to work safely Communicate outcome and recommendations Equality act ```
27
Who can refer for fitness to work?
Self referral Management referral HR
28
Management referral - questions from employer
Likely date of RTW Residual disability on RTW Will it be permanent or temporary Will employee be able to work regularly and efficiently What duties can to patient do and for how long before normal work Will they require continued treatment or medication upon RTW
29
Summary of fitness factors:
S stamina - can you work full time and meet the demands of the job M mobility - walking bending stooping is that possible A agility - dexterity posture coordination R rational - mental state mood T treatment - side effects duration I intellectual - cognitive abilities E essentials for job - food handlers, driving S sensory aspects - safety self and others
30
Fitness to drive role of doctors
Advise individual on the impact iPod their medical condition for safe driving Advise on legal requirements to notify the DVLA Notify the DVLA when fitness to drive requires notification when indivisible cannot or will not notify them themselves - driver is legally responsible for notifying them
31
Summary of fitness factors - DETTOL
``` Demands of the job Environment Temporal Travel Organisational Layout ```
32
The medial condition
Nature - temporary/ permanent. Progressive relapsing, treatment available? Appropriate clinical guidelines for management of the condition Work factors which may aggravate it Complications Patients needs and expectations at work
33
Fitness for work report
Fit Unfit Fit with restrictions/ adjustments Cannot make assessment without further info
34
Advice to employer by OHP
``` Written recommendations to manger/ HR Discuss content with employee Offer to show employee content before sent to employer Copy to employer Copy to GP Arrange a follow up assessment ```
35
Fitness for work prognosis
Can be difficult to ascertain - depends on patients condition, willingness to rehabilitate, employer to provide options If you don't know it's better to say so
36
Work place modification
``` Encourage patients to keep in touch with work Reduce hours Change pattern of work - shifts Change tasks or work content Adapt work place - alter layouts Reduce pace of work ``` Adapt equipment Provide training Provide mobility and transport Redeployment - temporary or permanent
37
Medical certification
4 days absence - SC2 form 7 days absence - employer may ask fit medical certificate Fit note - emphasis on positives of work Advise employee on tasks they can and can't do
38
RTW considerations
Key clinical outcomes | Success measurement
39
Pre work assessment
Fitness for work Job requirements Health status and influencing factors Restrictions
40
Work place exposure
Hazard types, exposure assessment, risk management Risk communication Prevention and control
41
Health outcome
``` Ill health Work related Early retirement Compensation Reporting Latency ```
42
Work place risk assessment HSE
Step 1 identify the hazards Step 2 decide who might be harmed and how Step 3 evaluate the risks and decide on the precautions Step 4 record your findings and implement them Step 5 review your assessment and update if necessary