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Advanced Psychopathology > OCD > Flashcards

OCD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 related obsessive-compulsive related disorders?

A
  1. OCD
  2. Hoarding disorder
  3. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
  4. Trichotillomania; hair pulling
  5. Excoriation Disorder; skin picking
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2
Q

What are the two neurodevelopmental disorders?
Tic Disorders

A
  1. Tourette’s Disorder
  2. Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
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3
Q

Define obsession and its two forms.

A

recurrent and disturbing thought

  1. intrusive thoughts
  2. unwanted impulses
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4
Q

Define compulsion

A

a repetitive/ritualized behavior that the person feels driven to do

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5
Q

Compulsions are usually preceded by ____

A

obsessions

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6
Q

The majority/minority of people with OCD have both/obsessions only/compulsions only.

A

majority; both

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7
Q

__% of people with OCD have obsessions.

A

20

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8
Q

__% of people with OCD have compulsions.

A

10

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9
Q

What is the hallmark of OCD?
What does this increase?

A

that people recognize that their thoughts or behaviors are irrational or excessive = increase in anxiety/distress

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10
Q

What are the 2 common obsessive coping mechanisms of OCD 2 common features?

A

Behaviors
1. excessive use of alcohol or sedative or anxiolytic medications ex: valium, xanax
2. avoidance behaviors ex: staying home, avoid triggers

Features
1. mild cases may be successful in life due to their overly conscientiousness and perfectionism
2. obsessions may not be as obvious as compulsions

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11
Q

What are 5 common features of obsessions?

A
  1. concerns with contamination
  2. safety/harm
    ex: being responsible for a fire
  3. unwanted acts of aggression
    ex: unwanted impulse of harming a loved one
  4. unacceptable and intrusive sexual or religious thoughts
  5. need for symmetry or exactness
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12
Q

What are 5 common features of compulsions?

A
  1. excessive cleaning
    ex: washing hands too much
  2. checking, ordering, and arranging rituals
  3. counting
  4. repeating routine activities
  5. unobservable mental rituals
    ex: silently recitation of nonsense words to vanquish a
    horrific image
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13
Q

What is intolerance of uncertainty?

A

the tendency to interpret vague info as threatening
-one induces exacerbating physiological arousal
ex: worry, doubt, obsessions

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14
Q

In what 5 disorders is intolerance of uncertainty implicated?

A
  1. OCD
  2. Hoarding
  3. Panic disorder
  4. GAD
  5. Social Anxiety
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15
Q

What is the prevalence of OCD in US adults?

A

12 months = 1%
severe cases = 50.6%; or .5% of the 1%

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16
Q

What is the prevalence of OCD in females vs males? & males vs females?

A

Females have a slightly higher rate in adulthood
Males are more common affected in childhood; nearly 25% start before 10

17
Q

What is the mean age of onset for OCD?
___% of cases start at 14.
After ___ years old is unusual for an onset.

A

19.5
25
35

18
Q

Which brain mechanisms have elevated activity in OCD patients?

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. basal ganglia
19
Q

OCD can be inherited in __% of cases.
Especially higher rates in ____-_____ relatives.

A

80
first-degree

20
Q

PANDAS is diagnosed after what event?
Most likely at what age range?

A

OCD and/or Tic disorders appear after strep throat or scarlet fever
4-9 yrs old

21
Q

What is the main difference between psychotic disorders and OCD?

A

OCD patients have insight that their thoughts are not real

22
Q

What is a Tic?

A

a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization

23
Q

What is a stereotyped movement?

A

repetitive, seemingly driven, nonfunctional motor behavior
ex: head banging, body rocking, self-biting

24
Q

Tics are usually preceded by_

A

premonitory sensory urges

25
Q

Up to __% of individuals with OCD have a
lifetime tic disorder.

A

30

26
Q

Tic disorder is most common in males or females? & is the onset occurs in ___?

A

males; childhood

27
Q

What are two types of tics?

A

simple and complex

28
Q

What are some simple tics?

A

motor: eye blink, head jerk, face twitch

verbal: throat clearing, barking/growling, snorting, hissing, utterances

29
Q

What are some complex tics?

A

Motor: head banging, tapping, jumping
Echopraxia (copying others’ movements): 30-60%
Copropraxia (obscene gestures): 1-6%

Verbal
Echolalia (copying others’ words): 30-60%
Coprolalia (obscene words): 8-15%
Palilalia (repeating own words): 30-60%

30
Q

What is criteria A for Tourettes?
think # of tics

A

have multiple motor and 1 or more verbal tics

31
Q

What is criteria B for Tourettes?
think duration

A

tics come and go but have persisted for more than 1 year

32
Q

What is criteria C for Tourettes?
think onset age

A

onset is before 18

33
Q

What is the prevalence of Tourette’s in the population?
What is the ratio M to F?
Lifelong prevalence can include __________?

A

.5-1%
3 to 1
periods of remission

34
Q

What is the average age of Tourette’s onset __? But can be seen as young as __.

A

7; 2

35
Q

What are 5 comorbidities to Tourettes?

A
  1. OCD
  2. ADHD 50% - highest comorbidity
  3. Learning disabilities
  4. Anxiety
  5. Depression

Advanced Psychopathology (10 decks)

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