OCHEM Functional Groups

Question 1

Answer 1

alkane

Question 2

Answer 2

Alkene

Question 3

Answer 3

Alkyne

Question 4

Answer 4

Alcohol

Question 5

Answer 5

ether

Question 6

Answer 6

epoxide

Question 7

Answer 7

haloalkane

Question 8

Answer 8

aldehyde

Question 9

Answer 9

ketone

Question 10

Answer 10

carboxylic acid

Question 11

Answer 11

acid anhydride

Question 12

Answer 12

esther

Question 13

Answer 13

amide

Question 14

Answer 14

acyl halide

Question 15

Answer 15

amine

Question 16

Answer 16

nitrile

Question 17

Answer 17

imine

Question 18

Answer 18

isocyanate

Question 19

Answer 19

azo compound

Question 20

Answer 20

thiol

Question 21

Answer 21

arene

Question 22

What is an amide

Answer 22

The molecule has a nitrogen and a carbonyl group (c=o)

Question 23

What is an amine

Answer 23

Molecule that has a carbon nitrogen bond

Question 24

Characteristics of organic compounds

Answer 24

-bonds covalent
-many are gases, liquids, solids with low melting points
-most insoluble in water
-most soluble in organic solvents
-aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity
-almost all burn/decompose
-usually slow reactions

Question 25

Characteristics of inorganic compounds

Answer 25

-ionic bonds -high melting points -most soluble in water -almost all insoluble in organic solvents -aqueous solution conduct electricity -not a lot burn -fast reactions

Question 26

Properties of a hydroxyl group

Answer 26

-OH -negatively charged (polar) Polarity allows it to undergo hydrogen bonding -hydrophilic (water loving) -used to link molecules together; makes molecules more water soluble

Question 27

Name 4 classes of hydrocarbons

Answer 27

Alkanes: carbon to carbon single bonds Alkenes: carbon to carbon double bond Alkynes: carbon to carbon triple bond Arenes: one or more benzene like ring; alternating single/double bond in a ring

Question 28

At room temp alkanes containing 1-4 carbons are?

Answer 28

Gas

Question 29

Alkanes containing 5-17 carbons are ___ at room temp?

Answer 29

Colorless liquid

Question 30

Alkanes with 18+ carbons at room temp are?

Answer 30

White and waxy substances

Question 31

What degree is between hydrogens in an alkane?

Answer 31

109.5

Question 32

What is an important physical property of alkanes and Alkenes

Answer 32

-completely lack polarity (non polar)= not soluble in water -cannot form bonds with water molecules | think oils

Question 33

____ react with ____ to form dioxide and water What kind of reaction is that

Answer 33

Alkanes react with oxygen Called oxidation or combustion

Question 34

Define benzene and arenes

Answer 34

Benzene: hydrocarbons in the shape of a ring Arenes: contain one or more benzene rings; have odor, usually called aromatics

Question 35

Properties of carboxylic acids

Answer 35

Contains a carboxyl group ( C=O and -OH) Can act as acids Strong proton donors Found in fatty acids

Question 36

Define amino acids

Answer 36

Molecules that contain both amine and carboxylic acid functional groups

Question 37

What two classes contain carbonyl groups (C=O)

Answer 37

Aldehydes and ketones

Question 38

Define an aldehyde

Answer 38

Contains carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen

Question 39

Describe a ketone

Answer 39

Contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons

Question 40

What are local anesthetics classified as

Answer 40

Esters or amides Depending on the structure of the bond

Question 41

Name the amide local anesthetics

Answer 41

Lidocaine Prilocaine Articaine Mepivacaine Bupivacaine

Question 42

Name the ester local anesthetics

Answer 42

Benzocaine Cocaine Procaine

Question 43

Physical properties of ethers

Answer 43

-one oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms -polar -weak attraction forces -inert to most chemical reactions -good solvent

Question 44

What was the first inhaled anesthetic used for surgery

Answer 44

Diethyl ether

Question 45

Identify this molecule

Answer 45

Isoflurane

Question 46

Identify this molecule

Answer 46

Desflurane

Question 47

Identify this molecule

Answer 47

Sevoflurane

Question 48

what makes up amino acid structure

Answer 48

amino group carboxyl group side chain hydrogen

Question 49

How much ATP is generated with glycolysis?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

Dalton’s law

Answer 50

Law of partial pressures says that the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas in the mixture

Question 51

define glycolysis

Answer 51

process of breaking down glucose

Question 52

define gluconeogenesis

Answer 52

synthesis of new glucose from non carbohydrate precursors (lactate, glycerol, amino acids)

Question 53

define glycogenesis

Answer 53

the creation of glycogen from glucose

Question 54

define glycogenolysis

Answer 54

breakdown of glycogen back to glucose

Question 55

how many ATP is generated from the Krebs cycle

Answer 55

2 ATP

Question 56

how many ATP is generated from oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 56

32 ATP total (Krebs, and glycolysis included)

Question 57

how much atp is generated by beta oxidation

Answer 57

129 ATP

Question 58

what is the primary energy source for the heart

Answer 58

beta oxidation

Question 59

what does adenine bind to

Answer 59

thymine

Question 60

what does guanine bind to

Answer 60

cytosine