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Basics > OCHEM Functional Groups > Flashcards

OCHEM Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q
A

alkane

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2
Q
A

Alkene

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3
Q
A

Alkyne

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4
Q
A

Alcohol

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5
Q
A

ether

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6
Q
A

epoxide

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7
Q
A

haloalkane

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8
Q
A

aldehyde

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9
Q
A

ketone

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10
Q
A

carboxylic acid

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11
Q
A

acid anhydride

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12
Q
A

esther

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13
Q
A

amide

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14
Q
A

acyl halide

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15
Q
A

amine

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16
Q
A

nitrile

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17
Q
A

imine

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18
Q
A

isocyanate

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19
Q
A

azo compound

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20
Q
A

thiol

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21
Q
A

arene

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22
Q

What is an amide

A

The molecule has a nitrogen and a carbonyl group (c=o)

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23
Q

What is an amine

A

Molecule that has a carbon nitrogen bond

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24
Q

Characteristics of organic compounds

A

-bonds covalent
-many are gases, liquids, solids with low melting points
-most insoluble in water
-most soluble in organic solvents
-aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity
-almost all burn/decompose
-usually slow reactions

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25
Q

Characteristics of inorganic compounds

A

-ionic bonds
-high melting points
-most soluble in water
-almost all insoluble in organic solvents
-aqueous solution conduct electricity
-not a lot burn
-fast reactions

26
Q

Properties of a hydroxyl group

A

-OH

-negatively charged (polar)
Polarity allows it to undergo hydrogen bonding

-hydrophilic (water loving)
-used to link molecules together; makes molecules more water soluble

27
Q

Name 4 classes of hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes: carbon to carbon single bonds

Alkenes: carbon to carbon double bond

Alkynes: carbon to carbon triple bond

Arenes: one or more benzene like ring; alternating single/double bond in a ring

28
Q

At room temp alkanes containing 1-4 carbons are?

A

Gas

29
Q

Alkanes containing 5-17 carbons are ___ at room temp?

A

Colorless liquid

30
Q

Alkanes with 18+ carbons at room temp are?

A

White and waxy substances

31
Q

What degree is between hydrogens in an alkane?

A

109.5

32
Q

What is an important physical property of alkanes and Alkenes

A

-completely lack polarity (non polar)= not soluble in water

-cannot form bonds with water molecules

think oils

33
Q

____ react with ____ to form dioxide and water

What kind of reaction is that

A

Alkanes react with oxygen

Called oxidation or combustion

34
Q

Define benzene and arenes

A

Benzene: hydrocarbons in the shape of a ring

Arenes: contain one or more benzene rings; have odor, usually called aromatics

35
Q

Properties of carboxylic acids

A

Contains a carboxyl group ( C=O and -OH)

Can act as acids

Strong proton donors

Found in fatty acids

36
Q

Define amino acids

A

Molecules that contain both amine and carboxylic acid functional groups

37
Q

What two classes contain carbonyl groups (C=O)

A

Aldehydes and ketones

38
Q

Define an aldehyde

A

Contains carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen

39
Q

Describe a ketone

A

Contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbons

40
Q

What are local anesthetics classified as

A

Esters or amides

Depending on the structure of the bond

41
Q

Name the amide local anesthetics

A

Lidocaine
Prilocaine
Articaine
Mepivacaine
Bupivacaine

42
Q

Name the ester local anesthetics

A

Benzocaine
Cocaine
Procaine

43
Q

Physical properties of ethers

A

-one oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms
-polar
-weak attraction forces
-inert to most chemical reactions
-good solvent

44
Q

What was the first inhaled anesthetic used for surgery

A

Diethyl ether

45
Q

Identify this molecule

A

Isoflurane

46
Q

Identify this molecule

A

Desflurane

47
Q

Identify this molecule

A

Sevoflurane

48
Q

what makes up amino acid structure

A

amino group
carboxyl group
side chain
hydrogen

49
Q

How much ATP is generated with glycolysis?

A

2

50
Q

Dalton’s law

A

Law of partial pressures says that the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures exerted by each gas in the mixture

51
Q

define glycolysis

A

process of breaking down glucose

52
Q

define gluconeogenesis

A

synthesis of new glucose from non carbohydrate precursors (lactate, glycerol, amino acids)

53
Q

define glycogenesis

A

the creation of glycogen from glucose

54
Q

define glycogenolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen back to glucose

55
Q

how many ATP is generated from the Krebs cycle

A

2 ATP

56
Q

how many ATP is generated from oxidative phosphorylation

A

32 ATP total (Krebs, and glycolysis included)

57
Q

how much atp is generated by beta oxidation

A

129 ATP

58
Q

what is the primary energy source for the heart

A

beta oxidation

59
Q

what does adenine bind to

A

thymine

60
Q

what does guanine bind to

A

cytosine

Basics (7 decks)

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