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Block 6 > Ocular: Retina I > Flashcards

Ocular: Retina I Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the “tunic” name for the retina?

A

Neural tunic

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2
Q

What are the first three cells of the visual pathway that are located in the retina?

A

-photoreceptors
-bipolar cells
-ganglion cells

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3
Q

How many layers are in the retina? Which are included in the neural tunic?

A

10, all except for retinal pigmented epithelium

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4
Q

What is the layer of the retina not included in neural tunic?

A

Retinal pigment epithelium

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5
Q

What is the role of the photoreceptors?

A

Absorb light photons and convert them into an electrochemical event through a process called phototransduction

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6
Q

Name of the process that converts light photons into electrochemical events:

A

Phototransduction

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7
Q

Two photoreceptors in the retina:

A

Rods and cones

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8
Q

Layers of the outer retina:

A

-photoreceptors layer
-external limiting membrane
-outer nuclear layer
-outer plexiform layer

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9
Q

Outer retinal layers all contain part of __________within the layer

A

A photoreceptor

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10
Q

If part of a photoreceptor is present then what is it supplied by what?

A

The choroidal vascular

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11
Q

Is the outer retina supplied by the central retinal vessels?

A

NO NO NO!!

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12
Q

How many cones are in the adult retina? Where are they located

A

5-6 million, 10% in fovea rest distributed

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13
Q

What are the cones responsible for?

A

Bright illumination (photopic) and color

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14
Q

Each cone contains ___ of ____ ____________

A

1 of 3 photopigments

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15
Q

Where are cones stored?

A

Disc membrane and are sensitive to different wavelengths

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16
Q

Are rods located in the fovea?

A

NO!!!!! DUHHHH

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17
Q

S cones:

A

-blue
-420 nm

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18
Q

M cones

A

-green
-534 nm

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19
Q

L cones

A

-red
-564nm

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20
Q

Outer segment of the cone is __________ shaped and contain…

A

Conoid shaped, contain folds with discs that have the photo pigment

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21
Q

Cilium

A

Bridging structure that connects the outer segment and the inner segment of the cone receptor

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22
Q

The inner segment of the cone contains:

A

Metabolic machinery for the cell

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23
Q

After the inner segment of the cone is the __________ and then the _______

A

Cell body, axon

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24
Q

After the axon of the cone, there is a portion called __________ that is the synaptic terminal of the cones

A

Pedicle

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25
Spectral sensitivity of rods:
498nm
26
Where in the posterior pole are S cones absent?
Center of the fovea
27
How many rods are there?
92-120 million
28
What are the rods responsible for?
Dim vision
29
All of the rod contains the same photopigment called ___________ located in the ______ ____________
Rhodopsin, disc membrane
30
Peak density of the rods are…
In a ring 4.5mm outside the fovea
31
Name of the synaptic terminal in a rod:
Spherule
32
Layers of the inner retina:
-inner nuclear layer -inner plexiform layer -retinal ganglion cell layer -retinal nerve fiber layer -internal limiting membrane
33
Retinal thickness ranges in topography:
80-320 microns
34
Fovea thickness range in topography:
150-200 microns
35
Foveal rim thickness on topography:
320 microns
36
Equator thickness range on topography:
120-180 microns
37
Ora serrata thickness in topography:
80 microns
38
Central retina have a dense population of….
Cone photoreceptors
39
Central retina is designed for…
Color vision and fine detail discrimination
40
Other names from the central retina (3 names):
-posterior pole -macula -area centralis
41
Peripheral retina has a dense population of…
Rod photoreceptors
42
Peripheral retina is responsible for…
Night vision and motion detection
43
Range of macula diameter:
5.5 to 6mm
44
Macula is ___mm from temporal margin of optic disc and ___mm inferior to center of optic disc
3.5mm, 1mm
45
What delineates the macula?
Vascular arcades
46
Macula is the only area of the retina that contains….
More than 1 layer of retinal ganglion cells
47
Macula contains high levels of….
Carotenoids
48
What is the fovea and what is its diameter?
A central depression if the macula that is 1.5mm in diameter
49
Walls of the fovea ______ giving rise to the….
Slope, light reflex (foveal reflex)
50
Fovea is a ____-free zone
ROD
51
How are the axons of cones oriented in the fovea and in which layer?
They are obliquely oriented in the outer plexiform layer
52
Inner retinal layers of the fovea are displaced _______
Laterally
53
What is the foveola?
The central 350 microns of the fovea where there are dense packing of cones making them appear rod-like
54
Foveola is the _______ region of the posterior pole
Thinnest (150-200 microns)
55
Foveola may contain as many as ___ rows of cone nuclei
10 (outside macula there is only 1 layer!)
56
Henle’s fiber layer contains…
Cone inner fibers that are oriented obliquely in the fovea
57
Parafovea:
Ring that extends .5mm from the foveal rim that contains the highest amount of bipolar and retinal ganglion cells
58
Perifovea:
Band that is 1.5mm outwards from parafovea where the retinal ganglion cell layer is reduced to 4 rows and ends when it only contains 1 row of retinal ganglion cells
59
Peripheral retina terminates at the _____________
Ora serrata
60
What occurs at the ora serrata?
Peripheral termination of the retina where it transitions into elements of the ciliary body
61
At the ora serrata the RPE becomes…
Pigmented ciliary epithelium
62
What does the neural retina turn into at the area serrata?
Non-pigmented ciliary epithelium
63
Retinal vasculature becomes _______ within 1mm of the ora serrata
Sparse
64
Where does the ora serrata get its name?
Scalloped oral bays and dentate processes
65
What spans the base of the ora serrata?
The vitreous base and it continues onto the retina for 2-3mm

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