odisha Flashcards
(13 cards)
where is odisha
state on eastern coast of india
what does it border
bay of bengal
in size it is…
9th largest state
11th largest population
how much coastline is there
480km straight coastline, with few natural inlets
SOCIAL impacts of Cyclone Phailin, 2013
- power lines torn down
- 44 died
- thousands affected
ECONOMIC impacts of Cylcone Phailin, 2013
- buildings damaged
- economic activity disrupted
- 500,000 hectares of crop destroyed
- US $700,000 economic loss to farming
ENVIRONMENTAL impacts of Cylcone Phailin, 2013
- 200km/h winds
- Chilika Lake storm surge impacting ecocystem
- thousands mangrove trees were destroyed
- vulnerability to storm surges increased
RESPONSES/MITIGATION STRATEGIES to Cyclone Phailin, 2013
- 1 million evacuated (response)
- relief supplies issued ahead of expected storms (mitigation)
- broadcast warnings (mitigation)
- conducted staged evacuations (mitigation)
successes of managing the Mahanadi Delta
- super cyclone Kalina 4km+ mangroves : no deaths
- sustainable and highly appropriate management
- solves flooding issues
- cultivating and protecting mangroves along coastlines and tidal rivers
- supports the important ecological zone
- protects natural habitats for a variety of wildlife
failures of managing the Mahanadi Delta
- development of fisheries means recent decades mangroves have decreased
- 50 years ago 5.1km mangroves, today the figure is 1.2km
- <3km with mangroves see high death tolls during cyclones
- sea level rise, frequent tropical storms and intense tropical storms could create larger issue in future
risks for human occupation and development
-storm surges
- climate change
- rising sea levels
- tsunamis
- tropical storms
- increased erosion risk
environmental factors above and the associated consequences
all listed above can have social and economic implications and increase the vulnerability of the population. for example:
- tourism reduction
- residential areas impacted
- offshore energy sources less likely to be developed
- influence fish stocks
to what extent does climate change present risks and opportunities for human occupation in a named coastal landscape beyond the UK? (20 marks)
- odisha, india
- climate change (cyclone phailina 2013) which led to destruction of mangroves etc…
- destruction of mangroves increases coastal vulnerability which can ruin livelihoods
- economic losses experienced meaning that there is lacking taxes and investment to help maintain or mitigate the risks of any further hazards associated
- can present opportunities through the presence of allowing for conservation projects, potential interest by scientists, which can help locals to better understand how to manage the mangroves and treat them well.
- lots of people relied on fishing of some form or another to bring their income in: damage to the mangroves can provide damage to human occupation due to putting people out of their livelihoods, but they may find some fish say worth more money, or as part of the response, authorities may offer training so people have better income which can allow for more money in the area, better houses and more mitigating procedures available for them to be able to learn to live with the presence of mangroves in the way that they are now having to begin to learn with.
- climate change can allow both risks and opportunities, and which one overrules (risk or opportunity) is dependent heavily on the development of the country (HIC, LIC, NEE) and also its relationship with other countries, which can also determine whether they can have more opportunity or risk associated in the coastal landscape of odisha.
OPPORTUNITIES:
- coastal restoration and adaptation (the coastline can be developed and restored either to pre-event or to a better standard than before the hazard. adapting the area and the way that the coast is viewed and managed is really important as it means that adapting to the damage experienced, and also the order of events, means that adaptations can be worked towards much more effectively)
- tourism (and economic) diversity (the changes undergone in the coastline can make a massive difference in the type and presence of tourism, as new things may be uncovered, and people may be more curious to see around an area that has experienced something significant. interest from tourists can have several benefits, including: increased employment as tour guides etc. would be needed, more revenue/investment would be found due to allowing tourists into the area, in which they may buy souvenirs, attend local shops and businesses etc.,
- climate change is a driver for the development and investment of new technologies which can allow for coastal engineering, renewable energy and water management. this is important as the technology is investment: it will also need to be maintained, and so the
