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Geography - Physical > Odisha Case Study > Flashcards

Odisha Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Odisha?

A

Indian state in East India.

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2
Q

How long is the coastline?

A

480km

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3
Q

What are the three organisms at risk?

A
  • Irrawady River Dolphin
  • Olive Ridley Turtle
  • Mangroves
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4
Q

Give some reasons why Odisha is at risk of coastal erosion

A
  • Strong littoral drift.
  • Low lying
  • Minimal coastal management (10km/480km is managed).
  • Mostly poor communities.
  • Vulnerable to tropical cyclones.
  • High tidal range.
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5
Q

What are the main uses of the coastline?

A

Tourism
Aquaculture
Trade

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6
Q

When did the ICZM start in Odisha?

A

September 2010.

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7
Q

How much coastline is expected to be protected by the ICZM?

A

196km (around 41%)

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8
Q

Which two areas are being focused for the ICZM?

A

Gopalpur to Chilika
Dhamara to Paradeep

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9
Q

How much funding has been put forward for the Odisha ICZM?

A

Around $50 million

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10
Q

What has been done to reduce codependency on aquaculture and how many have been affected?

A

Encouragement to try other agriculture, such as dairy and poultry.

7428 families affected.

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11
Q

What have the women in the reformed aquaculture areas benefited from?

A

Coil craft - raised 59220 rupees from 600 women across 16 villages.

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12
Q

Where is the focus of ecotourism in Odisha?

A

Chilika Lake

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13
Q

What has the % increase in tourism been since tourism was promoted in Chilika?

A

31%

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14
Q

How many cyclone shelters have been built? Example of a city.

A

14 - can shelter 14,000 people. Ganjam has one.

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15
Q

What other functions do the cyclone shelter have?

A

Classrooms, vaccination centres, social spaces, delivery areas.

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16
Q

What has been installed to protect beach erosion?

A

Geotextile tube embankments

17
Q

How many people have benefited from the geotextile embankmentsw?

A

41,222 from 56 villages. 6883 hectares of crop fields have been protected.

18
Q

What is the dual purpose of mangroves?

A

They enrich biodiversity and act as a natural defence.

19
Q

What is aiding monitoring and protection of Olive Ridley Turtles and Estuarine Crocodiles?

A

Sixteen boats.
Camps and watch sites.

20
Q

What is being done to monitor water pollution at Chilika Lake?

A

Data buoys at 10 locations deployed to gather real time data.

21
Q

How many buildings have been conserved by Odia language and cultural department in Odisha?

A

7

22
Q

What is the impact of protecting cultural sites?

A

25% increase in tourism.

23
Q

What are some opportunities at the Odisha Coastline?

A
  • Flat land for settlement
  • Wide variety of species
  • Mineral and heavy metal deposits
  • Power (from offshore gas/oil)
  • Employment (aquaculture)
24
Q

What are some risks for settlement on the coastline?

A
  • Erosion rates have increased in several areas.
  • Coastline itself changes seasonally because of high accretion in the summer, and erosion in the winter.
25
Q

What are the % of stable, accreting and eroding Odisha coastline?

A
  • 46.8% accreting
  • 36.8% eroding
  • 14.4% stable
26
Q

Between 1990 and 2016, what % of Odisha’s coastline has been lost to sea water ingression according to the Indian government?

A

28%

27
Q

Where has most of the accretion occurred?

A

North of the state, most erosion in the south because of prevailing wind.

28
Q

What ha happened in Mahanadi Delta?

A

The mangrove width protecting it has decreased by 75% because of fishery developments.

29
Q

Why are mangroves important to protect against cyclones in Odisha?

A

Areas with mangroves 4km or thicker saw no deaths during a cyclone.

30
Q

What is being done to protect the Mahanadi Delta?

A
  • Villagers encouraged to grow and look after mangroves.
  • New mangroves are being planted in new areas that previously had them.

Geography - Physical (18 decks)

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