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Oral Path Midterms > Odontogenic Infections > Flashcards

Odontogenic Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Are fascia-lined tissue compartments filled with loose, areolar connective tissue that can become inflamed when invaded by microorganism

A

Facial spaces

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2
Q

Six possible fascial space locations

A
  1. Vestibular sace
  2. Buccal space
  3. Maxillary sinus
  4. Submandibular space
  5. Sublingal space
  6. Palatal abscess
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3
Q

Deep fascial space infections associated with any tooth

A

Vestibular
Buccal
Subcutaneous

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4
Q

Deep fascial space infection associated with maxillary teeth

A

Buccal
Infratemporal
Infraorbital
Maxillary and other paranasal sinuses
Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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5
Q

Deep fascial space infections associated with mandibular teeth

A

Space of the body of the mandible
Perimandibular space
Submandibular
Sublingaul
Submental
Masticator space
Submasseteric
Pterygomandibular
Superficial temporal
Deep temporal

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6
Q

Deep fascial space of the neck

A

Lateral pharyngeal
Retropharyngeal
Pretracheal
Danger space
Prevertebral

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7
Q

Low severity - little threat to the airway or vital structure

A

Vestibular
Buccal
Subperiosteal
Space of the body of the mandible
Infraorbital

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8
Q

Moderate severity - hindered access to the airway

A

Perimandibular space
Submandibular
Sublingual
Submental
Masticator space
Submasseteric
Pterygomandibular
Superficial temporal
Deep temporal

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9
Q

High severity - direct threat to the airway or vital structures

A

Deep neck spaces
Lateral pharyngeal
Retropharyngeal
Pretracheal
Danger space
Mediastinum
Intracranial infections
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Brain abscess
Necrotizing fasciitis

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10
Q

Thin potential space between the levator anguli oris and the levator labii superioris muscles

Results from the infection from the maxillary canine tooth or by extenion of infections from the buccal space

A

Infraorbital space

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11
Q

Swelling of the anterior face obliterates the nasolabial fold

A

Infraorbital space

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12
Q

Bounded by the overlying skin of the face on the lateral aspect and the buccinator muscle on the medial aspect

A

Buccal space

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13
Q

Extension of infection from maxillary teeth through the bone superior to the attachment of the buccinator of the alveolar process of the maxilla

A

Buccal space

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14
Q

What tooth are commonly associated with buccal space infection

A

Posterior maxillary teeth

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15
Q

Bucaal space infections may follow the extension of the buccal fat pad into the?? __ __ __ __

A

Superficial temporal space
Infratemporal space
Infraorbital space
Periorbital space

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16
Q

This space lies posterior to the maxilla

Laterally and superiorly, it is continuous with the deep temporal space

A

Infra temporal space

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17
Q

Infratemporal space contains?

A

Branches of maxillary artery
Pterygoid venous plexus (importantly the emissary veins)

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18
Q

Infratemporal space is the origin of the posterior route by which inections may spread into the ____ sinus

A

Cavernous sinus

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19
Q

The usual cause Infratemporal space infection

A

Maxillary third molar

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20
Q

How many % of cases of maxillary sinusitis are odontogenic?

A

20%

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21
Q

This infection may spread superiorly through the ethmoid sinus or the orbital floor to cause secondary periorbital or orbital infections

A

Maxillary sinus

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22
Q

High mortality rate of odontogenic infection

A

Cavernous sinus

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23
Q

Cavernous sinus ocurs when maxillary odontogenic infections erode into the???? _______ in the infraorbital space or the ______ via the sinuses, they can follow the ______ vein through the superior orbital fissure and extend directly into the cavenous sinue

A

Infraorbital vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Common ophthalmic vein

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24
Q

Name of the cavenous sinus infection

A

Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis

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25
Q

An infection erode through the buccal cortical bone but does not perforate the periosteum, it can essentially peel the periosteal layer of soft tissue of the bony surface

A

Subperiosteal space

26
Q

A swelling that assumes the shape of the underlying mandible, it can appear as if the bone itself has been enlarged

A

Subperiosteal space

27
Q

The factor that determines whether the infection is submandibular or sublingual is the attachment of the _____ on the ______________

A

Mylohyoid muscle , mylohyoid ridge of the medial aspect of the mandible

28
Q

Lies between the oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth and the mylohoid muscle

A

Sublingual space

29
Q

the posterior border off the sublingual space is open, and therefore, it freely communicates with the ___ Space

A

Submandibular space

30
Q

Lies between the anterior bellies of the right and left digastric muscles and between the mylohyoid muscle and thee overlying fascia

A

Submental space

31
Q

Submental space involvement is the result of the spread of a _____ space infection

A

Submandibular space

32
Q

Associated teeth with submental space

A

Mandibular incisors

33
Q

this infection is rapidly spreading cellulitis that can obstruct the airway and commonly spreads posteriorly to the deep fascial spaces of the neck

A

Perimandibular spaces (ludwig angina)

34
Q

The infection cannot be called as Ludwig’s angina unless?

A

All submandibular spaces are involved

35
Q

Spaces involved in ludwig’s angina

A

Primarily the submandiular, secondary and sublingual and submental spaces

36
Q

Common teeth source infection of ludwig

A

2nd and 3rd molars

37
Q

Trismus, drolling, and difficulty swallowing and sometimes breathing

A

Ludwig’s angina

38
Q

Formed by the splitting of the anterior layer of the deep cervical fascia, also called the superficial or the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia, to surround the muscles of mastication

A

Masticatory space

39
Q

Four compartments of the masticatory space

A
  1. Submasseteric space
  2. Pterygomandibular space
  3. Superficial temporal space
  4. Deep temporal space
40
Q

Infection most commonly as the result of spread from the buccal space of soft tissue infection around the mandibular third molar (pericoronitis)

A

Submasseteric space

41
Q

When the submasseteric is involved, the masseter muscle also becomes __ and __

A

Inflamed and swollen

42
Q

What is pericoronitis

A

Swelling and infection of the gum tissue around the WISDOM TOOTH

43
Q

__ caused by inflammation of the masseter muscle in submasseteric space infection

A

Trismus

44
Q

Infection spread primarily from the mandibular third molar

When this space is involved, little or no facial swelling is observed; however, the patient almost always has significant trismus

A

Pterygomandibular space

45
Q

Relationship of terygomandiblar space with anesthetic?

A

It is the area where local anesthetic solution is deposited during IANB

46
Q

Defined as the inflammation of bone and its marrow contents.

Infections spread through the bone to a larger extent

A

Osteomyelitis

47
Q

A serious sequela of Periapical infection that often results in a diffuse spread of infection throughout the medullary spaces, with subsequent necrosis of a variable amount of bone.

A

Acute osteomyelitis

48
Q

Most frequent cause of acute osteomyelitis of the jaw

A

Dental infection

49
Q

Most comon bacyeria in acute osteomyelitis

Anaerobes such as Bacteriodes, porphyromonas or prevotalla species also predominate

A

Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus albus

50
Q

Supperative infetction with a mixed bacterial flora, much of which forms a biofilm of sequestra of bone

A

Acute osteomyelitis

51
Q

Clinical features of acute osteomyelitis

A

Severe pain, trismus, paresthesia of the lips, difficult in eating, increase WBC

Pus may exude from the gingival margin

52
Q

Radiographc features ofacute osteomyelitis

A

Cannot be seen until at least 1-2 weeks

Diffuse lytic change in the bone
Trabeculae become fuzzy and indistinct

53
Q

Treatment and management of acute osteomyelitis

A

Debridement, drainage, antimicrobial

If large sequestrum, surgical removal

54
Q

May develop in adequately treated acute osteomyelitis or may arise from dental infection without a preceding acute stage.

Arises from infection by weakly virulent bacteria

A

Chronic osteomyelitis

55
Q

Presistent low grade infection is associated with hronic inflammation, activation of osteoclastic bone destruction and granulation tissue formation

Sequestra will usually separate spontaneously during months or years may be several centimeters in length

A

Chronic osteomyelitis

56
Q

Common in children because their bone is better vascularized and produces more reactive bone deposition around the infection

A mild bacteria infection entering the bone though a carious tooth in persons who have a high degree of tissue resistance and tissue reactivity

Tissue reacts to the infection by proliferation rather than destruction

A

Chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis

57
Q

Term given to a localized area of sclerosis without evidence of infection

A

Sclerosing osteitis

58
Q

Inflammation or infection causes the periosteum of the surrounding bone to become active and lay down layers of new bone around the cortex as a healing response

A

Proliferaive periostitis

59
Q

Radiograph feature of proliferative periositits

A

Onion skinning

60
Q

Two major origins of odontogenic infection

A

Periapical and periodontal

Oral Path Midterms (4 decks)

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