White Lesions Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Common oral mucosa condition of unknown cause
A
Leukoedema
2
Q
Occurs more commonly in black than in whites - ethnic predisposition
A
Leukoedema
3
Q
Characterized by a diffuse, gray-white, milky, opalescent appearance of the mucosa
A
Leukoedema
4
Q
Surface frequently appears folded, resulting in wrinkles or whitish streaks
A
Leukoedema
5
Q
Occurs bilaterally on the buccal mucosa and may extend forward onto the labial mucosa
A
Leukoedema
6
Q
White appearance greatly diminishes or disappears when the cheeks is everted and stretched
A
Leukoedema
7
Q
Treatment for leukoedema
A
None
8
Q
An autosomal dominant inherited condition where there is a point mutation for genes coding for keratin 4 and / or 13
A
White sponge nevus
9
Q
Cannon’s disease
A
White sponge nevus
10
Q
Asymptomatic, folded, white lesions may affect several mucosal sites
A
White sponge nevus
11
Q
Symmetrical, thickened, white, corrugated or velvety, diffuse plaques affect the buccal mucosa bilaterally
A
White sponge nevus
12
Q
Usually appears at birth or in early childhood, typically before puberty
A
White sponge nevus
13
Q
Treatment for white sponge nevus
A
None
14
Q
A rare Autosomal dominant inherited condition primarily affect descendants of a triracial isolate or people who originally lived in north Carolina
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
15
Q
Usually develop during childhood, in most instances affecting the oral and conjunctival mucosa
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
16
Q
Oral lesions consists of soft, asymptmatic, white folds and plaques of spongy mucosa
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
17
Q
Areas involved buccal and labial mucosa and the labial commissures, as well as the floor of the mouth and lateral surfaces of the tongue, gingiva, and palate
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
18
Q
Most interesting feature of hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
A
Ocular lesions
19
Q
Appears as thick, opaque,gelatinous plaques affecting the bulbar conjunctiva adjacent to the cornea and sometimes involving the cornea itself
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
20
Q
May experience photophobia
A
HBID
21
Q
Ocular lesion vary seasonally, with spontaneous shedding of conjunctival plaques
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
22
Q
Blindness may sometimes result from the induction of vascularity of the cornea secondary to the shedding process
A
HBID
23
Q
Treatment for HBID
A
Oral lesion - none
Ocular lesion - refer to ophthalmologist ( plaques thatt obscure must be surgically excised )
24
Q
Witkop’s disease, witkop-von sallmann syndrome
A
Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
25
Darier’s disease, darier-white disease
Follicular keratosis
26
Autosomal dominant disorder result in desmosomal defects and dysfunction by way of altered epithelial cell adhesion
Follicular keratosis
27
Gene Mutation of follicular keratosis
ATP2A2 on chromosome 12q23-24,
( a gene that encodes the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-adenosine triphosphate (Ca21-ATPase) isoform2 )
28
Numerous erythematous, often pruritic, papules on the skin of the trunk and the scalp that develop during the first or second decade of life
Follicular keratosis
29
Accumulation of keratin, producing a rough texture, may be seen in association with the lesions, and a foul odor may be present as a result of bacterial degredation of the keratin
Follicular keratosis
30
Sensitivity in patients who have follicular keratosis will result in sweating because of increased heat, which can induce more?
Epithelial clefting
31
Palms and soles often exhibit pits and keartoses
Follicular keratosis
32
Nails show longitudinal lines, ridges, or painful splits
Follicular keratosis
33
Multiple, normal-colored or white, flat-topped papules that, if numerous enough to be confluent, result in a cobblestone mucosal appearance
Follicular keratosis
34
Treatment of follicular keratosis
Topical corticosteroids and vitamin A
In photosensitive patients - sunscreen, minimize exposure to hot environments
35
Chronic rubbing or friction against an oral mucosal surface
Focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis
36
Edentulous ridges and vestibules for denture wearers
Focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis
37
Common site of frictional hyperkeratosis
Buccal
Lips
Lateral tongue
38
Hyperkeratosis results in opacification of traumatized area
It is without dysplastic change
Focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis
39
Treatment of frictional hyperkeratosis
Control of habit results in clinical improvement
40
Direct contact of mucosa with smokless tobacco and contaminants
White lesion associated with smokeless tobacco
41
Most commonly seen in the mandibular vestibular mucosa surrounding tobacco
What is it called
Snuff dipper’s pouch
42
Asymptomatic white lesion in mucosa where tobacco is held
Damage seen in adjacent teeth and periodontum
WL associated with smokeless tobacco
43
Common tobacco related form of keratosis
Nicotine stomatitis
44
Opacification of the palate caused by heat and carcinogens
Nicotine stomatitis
45
Most severe changes seen in patients who “reverse smoke”
Nicotine stomatitis
46
Generalized white changes (hyperkeratosis) seen in hard palate
Nicotine stomatitis
47
Red dots in palate represents inflamed salivary duct orifices
Nicotine stomatitis
48
Treatment of nicotine stomatitis
Discontinue tobacco habit
49
Associated with local or systemic immunosuppression (AIDS, organ transplantation)
Hairy leukoplakia
50
Opportunistic infection f hairy leukoplakia
Epstein barr virus
51
Usually indicates significant underlying immunosuppression
Hairy leukoplakia
52
Hairy leukoplakia may be secondarily infected by ?
Candida albicans
53
Treatment for hairy leukoplakia
None
Antivital and antiretroviral regresses the lesion
54
Condition of filiform papillary overgrowth
Hairy tongue
55
Believed to be related to alterations in oral flora
Hairy tongue
56
Initiating factors of hairy tongue
Use of broad spectrum antibiotics
Systemic corticosteroids
Hydrogen peroxide
Intense smoking
Head and neck therapeutic radiation
57
Dense hair-like mat formed by hyperplastic papillae on the dorsal tongue surface
Can contribute to bad breath
Hairy tongue
58
Treatment of hairy tongue
Removal of causative agent and improved oral hygiene
59
Often result from ingestion of hot foods or liquids
Thermal burns
60
Treatment of thermmal burn
Resolve without treatment within 1-2 weeks
61
Common site of thermal burns
Anterior tongue, palate, posterior buccal mucosa
62
Caused by exposure t various types of chemical substances - topical anesthesia, aspirin, dentirifice, mouthwash, hydrogen peroxide
Chemical burns
63
Iatrogenic cause of chemical burn
Mishandling of dental instruments and materials
64
Overexposure of UV light
Represents a premalignant lesion
Actinic cheilitis and actinic keratosis
65
Atrophic, finely wrinkled and often swollen appearance of lip
Possible presence of white and/or pigmented foci
Actinic cheilitis
66
Poorly defined vermilion-skin junction
Possible chronic ulceration in more severely damaged lips
Actinic cheilitis
67
Treatment of actinic cheilits and actinic keratosis
Avoid direct sunlight
Use sunscreen
Biopsy of persistent ulcers and indurated lesions
Surgery needed in problematic cases
68
Condition typically involes the skin of sun exposed areas
Which
Shows irregular macules or plaques with rought, scaly surfaces
Actinic keratosis
69
“Sandpaper-like” texture is readily evident upon palpation
Actinic keratosis
70
White path or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically o pathological as any other disorder; it carries an increased risk of cancer development either in or close to the area or elsewhere in the oral cavity or the head and neck region
Idiopathic leukoplakia
71
Irreversile, non-scrapable and slightly raised white plaque that may have a wrinkled, leathery to “dry or cracked-mud” appearance
Idiopathic leukoplakia
72
Type of idiopathic leukoplakia
Regular, smooht whitish surface and well defined margins
Homogenous type
73
Type of IL
Conists of an erythematous part or a nodular, erosive, ulcerated or verrucous exophytic component
Non-homogenous IL
74
IL that is lesion is predominantly white
IL that is elevated, proliferative or corrugated surface
IL that is small polypoid enlargements or rounded mostly white excresences
1. Speckled type
2. Verrucous leukoplakia
3. Granular or nodular type
75
A type of IL that is characterized by the development of multiple, slowly spreading, keratotic plaques, with rough surface projections
Proliferative verruous leukoplakia
76
Erythema migrans benign migratory glossitis
Geographic tongue
77
Incidental finding
Common inflammatory condition
Appears as red atrophic patches surrounded by hyperkeratotic margins
Geographic tongue
78
Where does geographic tongue usally located at
Dorsum and lateral surface of tongue
79
Pattern change with time (migratory glossitis)
Geographic tongue
80
Geographic tongue is often seen in company with?
Fissured tongue
81
Treatment of geographic otngue
None
When painful, baking soda rinses, antifungals, or topical corticosteroid
82
Chronic mucocutaneous disease of unknown cause
Lichen planus
83
Generally considered to be immunological mediated process taht microscopically resembles a hypersensitivity reaction
Lichen planus
84
White keratoic striae characteristic
Lichen planus
85
Types of lichen planus
Reticular form
Erosive form
Atrophic form
Plaque form
Papular form
86
A type of lichen planus that has a slight increase possible risk of carcinoma
Erosive form of lichen planus
87
Wickham’s striae is commonly seen in?
Lichen planus - reticular form
88
Tends to resemble leukoplakia clinically
Lichen planus - plaque form
89
Appears as red patches with very fine wite striae
May complain of burning, sensitivity and generalized discomfort
Lichen planus - atrophic form
90
Central area of lesin is ulcerated
Shows keratotic striae peripheral to the site of erosion, along with erythema
Lichen planus - erosive form
91
Autoimmune disease involving both humoral and cell-mediated arms of the immune system
Lupus erythematosus
92
A type of LE that commonly appear on the skin, commonly on the face and scalp
Oral and vermillion lesions are seen - usually in the company of cutaneous lesions
Lesion appears as DISC-SHAPED erythematus plaques with hyperpigmented margins on the skin
Discoid lupus erythematosus
93
As the lesion expands peripherally, the center heals, and formation of scar and loss of pigment
Discoid lupus erythematosus
94
Skin results in an erythematous rash, classically seen over molar processes and the bridge of the nose
Butterfly rash
Systemic lupus erythematosus
95
Treatment for lupus erythematosus
DLE - topical corticosteroids
SLE - systemic steroids
Antimalarials and NSAID may help control this disease
96
Common opportunistic oral mycotic infection
Candidiasis
97
Most common oral fungal infection in humans
Candidiasis
98
Candidiasis is caused by ___
Candida albicans
99
Most common clinical type of candidiasis
Acute psedomembranous form (aka thrush)
100
Soft plaques that sometimes grow centrifugally and merge.
Plaque is composed of fungal organisms, keratotic debris, inflammatory cells, desquamated epithelial cells, bacteria, and fibrin
Favored site include the buccal mucosa and mucobuccal folds, oropharynx, and lateral aspect of tongue
Creamy0white plaques removable; burning sensation foul taste
Acute pseudomembranous form ( thrush )
101
Commonly seen in geriatric individuals who wear complete maxillary dentures
Bright red, velvety to pebble surface, with little keratinization
Rd, asymptomatic
Chronic erythematous candidiasis
Denture stomatitis
102
This condition is prevalent in individuals who have deep folds at the commissures as a result of mandibular overclosure
Red, fissured lesions, irritated, raw feeling
Angle of mouth
Angular cheilitis
103
Red macules, burning sensation
Dorsum of tongue, posterior hard palate
Erythematous oral candidiasis
104
Red atrophic mucosal areas; asymptomatic
Midline posterior dorsal tongue
Has an oval or rhomboid outline with a paramediandistribution
Central papillary atrophy ( median rhomboid glossitis )
105
Treatment of oral candidiasis
topical and systemic
Topical - nystatin
Systemic - fluconazole, ketoconazole ( cant be use to patients with xerostomia kay naay sugar)
106
Chronic, precancerous and often debilitating condition
Oral submucous fibrosis
107
General nutritional or vitamin deficiencies and hypersensitivity to various dietary constituents
Oral submucous fibrosis
108
Chief complain of oral submucous fibrosis
Trismus - inability to open the mouth
Stomatopyrosis - intolerance to spicy food
109
Vesicles, petechiae, melanosis, xerostomia and stomatopyrosis is the first sign and symptom?
Oral submucous fibrosis
110
Sebaceous glands that occur on the oral mucosa
Appear as multiple yellow or yellow-white papules
Common in buccal mucosa and the lateral portion of the vermillion of the upper lip
Fordyce’s granules
111
Arise from dental lamina remnants (rests of serres)
Gingival cyst
112
Soft tissue counterpart of lateral periodontal cyst
Gingival cyst
113
Gingival cyst of newborn
1
2
Epstein’s pearls - midline of the palate
Bohn nodule - laterally on the hard and soft palate
114
Gingival cyst treatment
Newborn
Adult
Newborn - none
Adult - surgical excision
115
Mass of subacutely inflamed granulation tissue at the sinus tract
“Gum boil”
Parulis
116
Mass of granulation tissue at the gingiva/alveolar mucosa at the opening of a sinus tract
Parulis
117
Cause of parulis
Odontogenic or periodontal infection
118
Benign tumor of fat
Lipoma
119
Cells of lipoma
Adipose cells
120
Most common true neoplasm o mesenchymal origin
Common location are buccal mucosa, tongue and floor of the mouth
Lipoma
121
Usually soft, smooth-surfaced nodular masses that can be sessile or pedunculated
Asymptomatic
Lipoma
122
Treatment of lipoma
Conservative Local excision
