Odyssey + Textbook

Question 1

Circuitously

Answer 1

(advb) in a roundabout or indirect way, often referring to a winding path, a lengthy and indirect explanation, or someone’s manner of speaking or acting

Question 2

Integrity

Answer 2

(noun) the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change

Question 3

Disingenuous

Answer 3

(adj) not candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does. (slightly dishonest and insincere in what they say)

Question 4

Stagnant

Answer 4

(adj) (of a body of water or the atmosphere of a confined space) having no current or flow and often having an unpleasant smell as a consequence.

Question 5

Embark

Answer 5

(verb) to go on board a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle/

begin/ start a couse of action, especially one that is important or demanding

Question 6

An Epic (Odyssey)

Answer 6

An epic is a long narrative poem about the adventures and deeds of an epic hero.
- An epic’s purpose is to entertain, teach, and inspire.
- Epics blend legend with truth.
- Sometimes gods or supernatural beings take part in the action.
- Contains many adventures or a long journey (Hero’s Journey), often covering a large portion of the world or universe, particularly supernatural settings.

Question 7

Epic Hero

Answer 7

The epic hero is a larger-than-life figure who undertakes great journeys and performs deeds requiring remarkable strength, bravery, and cunning.
- Possess superhuman strength, craftiness, and confidence
- Often portrays the goals and virtues of society.
- Helped and harmed by interfering gods
- (usually) emerges victorious

Question 8

Epic Simile

Answer 8

Using like or as to compare things, but developed over several lines

E.g., “…he himself rocked, rolling side to side, as a cook turns sausage, big with blood and fat, at a scorching blaze, without a pause, to broil it quick…”

Question 9

Epithet

Answer 9

Renames a person with a descriptive phrase.

a. E.g., Odysseus, son of Laertes; Odysseus, raider of cities; or Mr. Peterson, teacher of Government and Economics

b. Abusive, derogatory language

Question 10

Allusion

Answer 10

a reference to something (especially to other famous works/people)

Question 11

Mythological Allusion

Answer 11

When a piece of art, literature, or music refers to a piece of mythology.

Question 12

archetype

Answer 12

A thing, person, or pattern of circumstances that appears repeatedly in literature

Question 13

Invocation

Answer 13

A call for help (in ancient times, poets and artists would call upon a muse to help them write, The Invocation of a Muse

Question 14

Muse

Answer 14

A person or thing that inspires

Question 15

Polytheists/polytheistic

Answer 15

believer in many gods, not only one

Question 16

Hero’s journey

Answer 16

a common narrative template that describes the structure of many stories across different cultures and time periods

Question 17

The Ordinary World

Answer 17

The Hero is introduced. He is shown in his Ordinary World, which is nothing special and a complete contrast to the Special World he will later venture into. He has a sad, boring life that usually gets the reader to sympathize and/or identify with him.

1st Step of Hero’s Journey (Departure)

Question 18

Call to Adventure

Answer 18

Within his Ordinary World, the Hero receives some form of information that shakes up the situation and acts as the call to adventure. The Hero is being prompted to leave the Ordinary World for the Special World. This is where he is beginning a new stage in his life.

2nd Step to Hero’s journey (Departure)

Question 19

Refusal of the Call

Answer 19

The Hero experience some refusal to answer the call and turn away from the adventure, perhaps by feelings of insecurity, obligation, or fear of the unknown.

3rd Step to Hero’s journey (Departure)

Question 20

Meeting the Mentor

Answer 20

The Hero meets a guide or protector or some form of magical helper—often a seasoned traveler—who offer the Hero training, knowledge, confidence, advice, and such that will help the Hero on his journey. The key word is that the Mentor offers help and guidance while the Hero is the one who should complete the journey.

4th Step to Hero’s journey (Departure)

Question 21

Crossing the Threshold

Answer 21

At the end of this first part, the Departure, the Hero commits to leaving the Ordinary World and crossing into the adventure and the Special World. This new unknown and dangerous world contains rules the Hero is not familiar with. While the Mentor lead the Hero to the threshold, the Hero has to cross it on his own. The threshold is also guarded by a Guardian or Gatekeeper, which means the Hero must prove to be worthy in order to pass the threshold.

5th Step to Hero’s journey (Departure)

Question 22

Tests, Allies, Enemies

Question 23

Approach

Answer 23

The Hero prepares for the major challenge in the Special World—together with his friends—by facing greater challenges and more difficult obstacles and guardians. This is a way to prove himself worthy of greater challenges and the ultimate battle.

7th Step to Hero’s journey (Initiation)

Question 24

Ordeal, Death, and Rebirth

Answer 24

The Hero faces his greatest challenge yet, in the form of the Antagonist, with the knowledge and skills he has obtained up until now. He confronts death or his deepest fear. He then experiences death and rebirth (either literal or symbolic).

8th Step to Hero’s journey (Initiation)

Question 25

Reward, Seizing the Sword

Answer 25

The Hero takes possession of the reward/treasure he won by facing his greatest challenge, marking his triumph over the Antagonist. This reward/treasure is what the Hero went on the journey to get (it does not have to be something material, though). | 9th Step to Hero's journey (Initiation)

Question 26

The Road Back

Answer 26

The Hero is driven to complete the adventure by going back to the Ordinary World with the reward/treasure he won. It can often be as dangerous to return from the journey as it was to start it in the first place. There is often a chase scene that signals the urgency and danger of the mission, or the defeated Antagonist may be rallying for a second round. | 10th Step to Hero's journey (Return)

Question 27

Resurrection | 11th Step to Hero's journey (Return)

Answer 27

The Hero is once again tested on the threshold going back to the Ordinary World (this may be brought about by a rebounding Antagonist who must be conquered once more). The Hero experiences a final moment of death and resurrection that’s on a higher and more complete level than the previous one, so that he is pure when he reenters the Ordinary World. This resurrection may either be literal or symbolical, and he wakes to a new world and transformed life.

Question 28

Return with Elixir

Answer 28

The Hero returns home with some element of the reward/treasure that will help him improve the Ordinary World (it can just as well be a material thing as a greater insight into himself as a person). Usually, the elixir (the reward/treasure) is meant to help someone other than the Hero—what the Hero gained on his journey will benefit others beyond himself. | 12th Step to Hero's journey (Return)

Question 29

Promontory

Answer 29

(noun) a high point of land that juts into the sea (Glacus and Scylla). a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water

Question 30

Catharsis

Answer 30

(noun) the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.

Question 31

Chifforobe

Answer 31

(noun) - closet; armoire; dresser

Question 32

Lynch Mob

Answer 32

a group (ie: mob) of 3 or more people that kill (ie: lynch) someone for “justice” and is not condoned by the court.

Question 33

Ethos

Answer 33

is an appeal to ethics - it relies on credibility and expertise to persuade

Question 34

Pathos

Answer 34

is an appeal based on emotion - it creates an emotional response from the audience Code-switching

Question 35

Logos

Answer 35

is an appeal to logic - it relies on logic and facts to persuade the audience

Question 36

Code-Switching

Answer 36

the practice of altering one's speech, behavior, or overall self-presentation to fit in with a particular group or environment. It's a strategy used to adapt to different social contexts and expectations.