Off By Heart- Definitions Flashcards
Homologous series
A homologous series is a series of organic compound having the same functional group but with each successive member different by CH2 group
Functional group
The part of the organic molecule which is largely responsible for chemical properties
Structural isomers
Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is a radical
A radical is a species with an unpaired electron
Electrophile
An electron pair acceptor
Usually positively charged
what is a polymer
an extremely large molecule formed from repeated monomer units
what is heterolytic fission
the breaking of a covalent bond where one atom takes both electrons to form two oppositely charged ions
what is homolytic fission
the breaking of a covalent bond where each atom takes one electron to form two radicals
what is a hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon is a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
what is a sigma bond
the overlap of orbitals (usually s orbitals) between adjacent atoms to form a shared pair of electrons with an electrostatic attraction to the nuclei of the bonded atoms
what is a pi bond
the sideways overlap of P orbitals between adjacent atoms to form a shared pair of electrons with an electrostatic attraction to the nuclei of the bonded atoms
what is a stereoisomer
“a stereoisomer is an isomer which has the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space”
what does Markownikoff’s rule state
“when a hydrogen halide reacts with an asymmetrical alkene the hydrogen of the hydrogen halide attaches itself to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogens and the lower number of carbons”
