OIAN

Question 1

Cleidomastoideus

Answer 1

Origin: Clavicular insertion
Insertion: mastoid process
Action: unilateral advances limb and turns head
Nerve: accessory, axillary, and cervical nerves

Question 2

Cleidobrachialis

Answer 2

Origin: clavicular intersection
Insertion: crest of humerus
Action: bilateral flexes head and neck
Nerve: accessory, axillary, and cervical nerves

Question 3

Sternocephalicus

Answer 3

Origin: manubrium of sternum
Insertion: ramus of mandible
Action: unilateral turn head and neck; bilateral flexes head and neck
Nerve: ventral branch of accessory nerve

Question 4

Trapezius cervicis

Answer 4

Origin: funiculus nuchae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Action: elevate, advance scapula
Nerve: dorsal branch of accessory nerve

Question 5

Trapezius thoracis

Answer 5

Origin: supraspinous ligament
Insertion: spine of scapula
Action: elevate, retract scapula
Nerve: dorsal branch of nerve

Question 6

Middle gluteal

Answer 6

Origin: aponeurosis of longissimus lumborum, ilium, and sacrosciatic ligament
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: extend hip and abduct thigh
Nerve: cranial and caudal gluteal nerve

Question 7

Biceps femoris

Answer 7

Origin: sacrum, sacrosciatic ligament, ischial tuberosity
Insertion: fascia lata-patella, lateral patellar ligament, calcaneal tuber
Action: extend hip and abduct thigh
Nerve: caudal gluteal and sciatic

Question 8

Semitendinosus

Answer 8

Origin: cd 1-2 and ventral ischial tuberosity
Insertion: tibial crest, crural fascia, calcaneal tuber
Action: extend hip, flex stifle, extend hock
Nerve: caudal gluteal and sciatic

Question 9

Rectus femoris

Answer 9

O: body of ilium
I: tibial tuberosity
A: flex hip, extend stifle
N: femoral nerve

Question 10

Vastus lateralis

Answer 10

O: lateral surface of femur
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extend stifle
N: femoral nerve

Question 11

Vastus medialis

Answer 11

O:medial surface of femur
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extend stifle joint
N: femoral nerve

Question 12

Vastus intermedius

Answer 12

O: cranial surface of femur
I: tibial tuberosity
A: extend stifle
N: femoral nerve

Question 13

Tibialis cranialis

Answer 13

O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: third metatarsal, first and second tarsal
A: flex hock
N: deep peroneal

Question 14

Peroneus tertius

Answer 14

O: extensor fossa of the femur
I: third metatarsal, third tarsal, fourth tarsal, calcaneus
A: flex hock when stifle is flexed, extend stifle when tarsus is extended
N: sensory branches of deep peroneal

Question 15

Long digital extensor

Answer 15

O: extensor fossa of femur
I: extensor process of third phalanx
A: extend stifle and digit, flex the hock
N: deep peroneal

Question 16

Lateral digital extensor

Answer 16

O: lateral collateral ligament of stifle joint and adjacent areas of tibia and fibula
I: tendon of insertion of long digital extensor
A: extend digit and flex hock
N: superficial peroneal

Question 17

Gastrocnemius

Answer 17

O: supracondyloid tuberosity of femur
I: calcaneal tuber
A: flex stifle, extend hock
N: tibial

Question 18

Superficial digital flexor

Answer 18

O: supracondyloid fossa of femur
I: calcaneal tuber, proximal extremity of second phalanx and distal extremity of first phalanx
A: Flex digit and stifle, extend hock
N: tibial

Question 19

Deep digital flexor

Answer 19

O: lateral condyle and lateral border of tibia and fibula
I: flexor surface of third phalanx
A: flex digit and extend hock
N: tibial

Question 20

Interosseus

Answer 20

O: distal row of tarsal bones, and proximal extremity of third metatarsal bone
I: abaxial surface of proximal sesamoid bones and conjoined tendon of insertion of the long and lateral digital extensor muscles
A: support fetlock
N: sensory branches of the tibial

Question 21

Levator labii

Answer 21

O: zygomatic, lacrimal, and superioris maxillary bones
I: upper lip
A: raise upper lip
N: facial nerve

Question 22

Buccinator

Answer 22

O: maxilla and mandible
I: commissure of mouth
A: retract commissure of the mouth and flatten the cheeks
N: facial

Question 23

Masseter

Answer 23

O: facial crest of zygomatic arch
I: ramus of mandible
A: close mouth
N: trigeminal (mandibular)

Question 24

Occipitomandibularis

Answer 24

O: jugular process of occipital bone
I: caudal border of mandible
A: open the mouth
N: facial

Question 25

Cricoaryteenoideus dorsalis

Answer 25

O: lamina of cricoid cartilage I: arytenoid cartilage (muscular process) A: open glottis N: recurrent laryngeal

Question 26

Cricoarytenoideus lateralis

Answer 26

O: arch of cricoid cartilage I: arytenoid cartilage (muscular process) A: close glottis) N: recurrent laryngeal

Question 27

Supraspinatus

Answer 27

O: supraspinous fossa and spine of scapula I: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus A: Extend the shoulder, cranial shoulder stabilizer N: Suprascapular

Question 28

Infraspinatus

Answer 28

O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle of the humerus A: abduct the arm; tendon acts as lateral collateral ligament of shoulder N: Suprascapular nerve

Question 29

Deltoideus

Answer 29

O: spine of scapula and aponeurosis over infraspinatus muscle I: deltoid tuberosity A: Flex the shoulder and abduct the arm N: Axillary nerve

Question 30

Subscapularis

Answer 30

O: subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: adduct the humerus; medial shoulder stabilizer N: Subscapular and axillary

Question 31

Biceps brachii

Answer 31

O: supraglenoid tubercle I: radial tuberosity, tendon of extensor carpi radialis via lacertus fibrosus A: flex the elbow, extend the shoulder and carpus N: musculocutaneous (proximal branch)

Question 32

Long head of triceps brachii

Answer 32

O: caudal border of scapula I: olecranon A: extend the elbow and flex the shoulder N: radial nerve

Question 33

Lateral head of triceps brachii

Answer 33

O: lateral surface of humerus I: olecranon A: extend the elbow N: radial nerve

Question 34

Medial head of triceps brachii

Answer 34

O: medial surface of humerus I: olecranon A: extend the elbow N: radial nerve

Question 35

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer 35

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: metacarpal tuberosity MC3 A: extend carpus and flex elbow N: radial

Question 36

Ulnaris lateralis

Answer 36

O: lateral epcondyle of humerus I: accesory carpal bone C and MC 4 A: flex the carpus and extend elbow N: radial

Question 37

Common digital extensor

Answer 37

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral tuberosity of radius, lateral surface of body of ulna I: extensor process of third phalanx A: extend digit and carpus and flex the elbow N: radial

Question 38

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 38

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: second metacarpal bone A: flex carpus and extend elbow N: median nerve

Question 39

Superficial digital flexor

Answer 39

O: medial epicondyle of humerus and caudal surface of radius I: proximal part of second phalanx and distal part of first phalanx A: flex digit and carpus and extend elbow N: Ulnar

Question 40

Deep digital flexor

Answer 40

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon, and caudal surface of radius I: flexor surface of third phalanx A: flex ddigit and carpus and extend elbow N: median and ulnar nerve

Question 41

Interosseus (suspensory ligament)

Answer 41

O: palmar surface of third metacarpal bone and distal row of carpal bones I: abaxial surfaces of proximal sesammids and tendon of common digital extensor A: support the fetlock (prevent overextension) N: palmar metacarpal nerve