Ruminant Stomach

Question 1

Ruminant

Answer 1

Even-toed hooved animals

Question 2

Four compartments in ruminant stomach

Answer 2

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Question 3

Rumen

Answer 3

Occupies almost all of left abdominal cavity

Parietal surface= left side
Visceral surface= right side

Question 4

Reticulum

Answer 4

Located primarily on left side

Most cranial

Question 5

Omasum

Answer 5

Located on right cranial side caudal to reticulum

Question 6

Abomasum

Answer 6

Located on right ventral floor of abdominal cavity

Question 7

Grooves

Answer 7

External lines dividing the rumen into compartments

Question 8

Pillars

Answer 8

Internal folds that divide the rumen into sacs

Question 9

Ruminoreticular orifice

Answer 9

Hole through which the cranial sac of the rumen communicates with the reticulum

Question 10

Rumenoreticular fold

Answer 10

Completely surrounds rumenoreticular orifice

Question 11

Cardia

Answer 11

Fold around entrance of esophagus into reticulum

Question 12

Ruminal papillae

Answer 12

Small conical projections in lumen; flat or absent around free edge where there is mostly air or fluid

Question 13

Reticulo-omasal orifice

Answer 13

Hole through which the reticulum communicates with the omasum

Question 14

Reticular groove

Answer 14

Extends from cardia to the reticulo-omasal orifice on right cranial wall of reticulum; contracts to form a tube for the bypass of the rumen

Question 15

Omasal groove

Answer 15

Continuation of reticular groove into the omasum

Question 16

Hardware disease

Answer 16

When foreign objects are ingested, and penetrate the cranial wall of the reticulum. This can cause inflammation of peritoneal and pleural linings

Question 17

Reticular crests

Answer 17

Honeycomb-like cells formed by mucosal folds in the reticulum

Question 18

Omasal laminae

Answer 18

Also called omasal leaves; formed by omasal mucosa, covered with papillae; increase surface area for absorption

Question 19

Torus pyloricus

Answer 19

Thick, muscular section in abomasum

Question 20

Celiac artery

Answer 20

Branches supply the compound stomach

Question 21

Splenic artery

Answer 21

Gives rise to right ruminal artery, left ruminal artery, and reticular artery

Question 22

Right ruminal artery

Answer 22

Supplies caudal half of rumen including the blind sacs

Question 23

Left ruminal artery

Answer 23

Supplies cranial half of rumen and gives of the reticular artery branch

Question 24

Reticular artery

Answer 24

Supplies reticulum; branch off left ruminal artery

Question 25

Left gastric artery

Answer 25

Supplies greater curvature of the omasum and lesser curvatures of abomasum

Question 26

Left gastroepiploic artery

Answer 26

Branch off left gastric; supplies other curvatures of omasum and abomasum

Question 27

Hepatic artery

Answer 27

Gives off right gastric artery and right gastroepiploic artery

Question 28

Right gastric artery

Answer 28

Supplies lesser curvature of distal half of abomasum

Question 29

Right gastroepiploic artery

Answer 29

Supplies greater curvature of distal abomasum

Question 30

Dorsal vagal trunk

Answer 30

Innervates the rumen, visceral surfaces of reticulum and omasum, and lesser curvature of abomasum

Question 31

Ventral vagal trunk

Answer 31

Innervates parietal surface of stomach including reticulum, omasum, and right abomasum

Question 32

What is vagal innervation responsible for?

Answer 32

``` Ruminoreticular contraction cycles Omasal contraction cycl Eructation Regurgitation Reflex closure of reticular groove Abomasal motility and secretion ```

Question 33

Greater omentum

Answer 33

Forms a two-layer sling between descending duodenum on right side and caudal part of the rumen on the left side; Has superficial and deep leaf Attached to greater curvature of abomasum

Question 34

Superficial leaf of greater omentum

Answer 34

Ventral sac of rumen is dorsal to the superficial leaf; usually lies against parietal peritoneum of ventral abdomen; Attached to left longitudinal groove laterally and greater curvature of abomasum cranially

Question 35

Deep leaf of greater omentum

Answer 35

Attached to right longitudinal groove of the rumen Ventral sac of rumen lies within omental bursa

Question 36

Supraomental recess

Answer 36

A space that is open caudally and occupied by the intestines

Question 37

Lesser omentum

Answer 37

Attached to liver, right side of omasum, and lesser curvature of the abomasum