OINTMENT Flashcards by Jeehada Palinta

Are semi-solid preparations intended
for external applications to the skin or
mucous membranes, usually but not
always, they contain medicinal
agents

OINTMENTS

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Are easily spread, their plastic
viscosity may be controlled by
modification of the limitation.

OINTMENTS

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Ointments is also known as?

SALVE OR CHRISMA

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which prevents harmful substances from coming in contact with the skin

PRETECTIVE BARRIERS

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3 Uses of Ointments:

EMOLLIENTS
PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
VEHICLES

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which makes the skin more pliable

EMOLLIENT

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in which to incorporate medication.

VEHICLES

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Classification of ointments based on composition:

OLEAGINOUS BASES
ABSORPTION BASES
WATER-REMOVABLE BASES
WATER-SOLUBLE BASES

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Classification of ointments based on penetration:

EPIDERMIC OINTMENTS
ENDODERMIC OINTMENTS
DIADERMIC OINTMENTS

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Oleaginous Bases is also termed as?

HYDROCARBON BASES

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On the application to the skin, they
have an emollient effect, protect against the escape of moisture, effective as occlusive dressings, can remain on the skin for long periods without drying out, and because of their immiscibility with water, and are difficult to wash off.

OLEAGINOUS BASES

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Is a purified mixture of semisolid
hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It
is an unctuous mass, varying in color from
yellowish to light amber.

PETROLATUM, USP

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Petrolatum, USP is also known as?

YELLOW PETROLATUM AND PETROLEUM JELLY

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• A good base for oil-soluble ingredients.
• Forms an occlusive film on the skin.
• Absorbs less than 5% water under normal condition.
• Does not become rancid
• Wax may be incorporated to stiffen the
base.

PETROLATUM, USP

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Is a purified mixture of semisolid
hydrocarbons from petroleum that has
been wholly or nearby decolorized.

WHITE PETROLATUM, USP

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It is used for the same purpose as petrolatum, but because of its lighter color, it is considered more esthetically pleasing by some pharmacists and patients.

WHITE PETROLATUM, USP

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It is also known as White Petroleum Jelly

WHITE PETROLATUM, USP

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Ingredients: Yellow wax, Petrolatum

WHITE PETROLATUM

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This ointment differs from yellow ointment by substitution of white wax (bleached and purified yellow wax) and white petrolatum in the formula.

WHITE OINTMENT, USP

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These bases may be used as emollients, although they do not provide the degree of occlusion afforded by the oleaginous base, and are not easily removed from the skin with water washing, because the external phase of the emulsion is
oleaginous

ABSORPTION BASES

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These bases are useful as pharmaceutical
adjuncts to incorporate small volumes of aqueous solutions into hydrocarbon bases. This is accomplished by incorporating the aqueous solution into the absorption base and then incorporating this mixture into the hydrocarbon
base.

ABSORPTION BASES

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• Are anhydrous
• Insoluble in water
• Not washable in water
• However, it can absorb water.
• Permit the inclusion of water-soluble
medicaments through prior solution
and uptake of the solution as the
internal phase.

ABSORPTION BASES

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A white petrolatum combined with 8%
white wax, 3% stearyl alcohol, and 3%
cholesterol which are added to a water-in-
oil emulsifier.

HYDROPHILIC PETROLATUM, USP

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Ingredients:
Cholesterol, Stearyl alcohol, White wax,
White Petrolatum

HYDROPHILIC PETROLATUM, USP

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which employs wool alcohol to render white petrolatum emulsifiable and is superior in its ability to absorb water.

AQUAPHOR

which uses Sobitan Sesquioleate and Arlacel A as emulsifiers (Kessolin) and appears to be superior to the USP base.

POLYSORB

Is obtained from the wool of sheep, is a purified wax like substance that has been cleaned, deodorized, and decolorized.

Lanolin, USP (Anhydrous Lanolin/Wool Fat)

It contains not more than 0.25% water. Additional water may be incorporated into lanolin by mixing.

Lanolin, USP (Anhydrous Lanolin/Wool Fat)

 Contains a high percentage of alcohol, esters and alcohol containing fatty acids.  Absorbs twice its weight in water

Lanolin, USP (Anhydrous Lanolin/Wool Fat

Is a lanolin processed to reduce the content of free lanolin alcohols and any detergent and pesticide residue.

MODIFIED LANOLIN, USP

2 preparation of Hydrophilic Petrolatum, USP

AQUAPHOR POLYSORB

Are oil-in-water emulsions commonly called _____?

CREAMS

Are oil in water emulsions commonly called creams. Because the external phase of emulsion is aqueous, they are easily washed from the skin and are often called water washable bases.

WATER-REMOVABLE BASES

They may be diluted with water or aqueous solutions. They can absorb serous discharges.

WATER-REMOVABLE BASES

An oil-in-water emulsion employing Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as an emulsifying agent. It absorbs about 30% - 50% W/W without losing consistency, and readily miscible with water and thus can be removed from the skin easily.

HYDROPHILIC OINTMENT, USP

Ingredients: White petrolatum, sodium lauryl sulfate, propylene glycol, stearyl alcohol,, purified water, methylparaben, propylparaben.

HYDROPHILIC OINTMENT, USP

A water-in-oil emulsion prepared by melting white wax and spermaceti, expressed almond oil together, adding hot aqueous solution of sodium borate, stir until cool

COLD CREAM

_____ may be used to make a more stable cold cream.

MINERAL OIL

_____ may be used to make a better emollient base.

ALMOND OIL

An oil-in-water emulsion which contains large percentage of water as well as humectants (Glycerin, Propylene glycol) - which retards surface evaporation of the product.

VANISHING CREAM

The most common cream available in the market due to large amount of water contained and an acid (Stearic acid). An excess of stearic acid in the formula helps to form a thin film when the water evaporates.

VANISHING CREAM

Other water removable bases

DERMOVAN UNIBASE

3 OLEAGINOUS BASES

PETROLATUM, USP WHITE PETROLATUM, USP WHITE OINTMENT, USP

3 absorption bases

HYDROPHILIC PETROLATUM, USP LANOLIN, USP MODIFIED LANOLIN, USP

4 WATER REMOVABLE BASES

HYDROPHILIC OINTMENT, USP COLD CREAMS VANISHING CREAMS OTHER WATER REMOVABLE BASES

a hypoallergenic greaseless emulsion base.

DERMOVAN

a non-greasy emulsion base that absorbs about 30% of its weigh

UNIBASE

They do not contain oleaginous components. They are completely water washable and often referred to as greaseless. Because they soften greatly with the addition of water, large amounts of aqueous solutions are not effectively incorporated into these bases.

WATER SOLUBLE BASES

They are mostly used for incorporation of solid substances.

WATER SOLUBLE BASES

Is a polymer of ethylene oxide and water represented by the formula H(OCH2CH2)nOH, in which n represents the average number of oxyethylene groups. The numeric designations associated with PEGs refers to the average molecular weight of the polymer.

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)

Ingredients: PEG 3350, PEG 400

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)

Consist of a blend of water-soluble polymeric glycol that forms a semi-solid base capable of solubilizing water-soluble drugs and some water-insoluble drugs. Compatible with a wide range of drugs.

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)

2 water soluble bases

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL-ETHANOL

 Form a clear gel when mixed with 2% hydroxypropyl cellulose.  This has become popular as dermatologic vehicles.

Propylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol-Ethanol

• Demonstrate no or at the most very slight penetration. • Petrolatum, Waxes, and their combinations

EPIDERMIC OINTMENTS

• Possess some powers of penetration into the deeper layers of the skin. • Vegetable oils, Lard, Wool fat, Lanolin, and/or its combinations

ENDODERMIC OINTMENTS

Which penetrates the skin thus offering a better opportunity for absorption of the medicaments.

DIADERMIC OINTMENTS

Methods of preparations of ointments:

INCORPORATION FUSION

The substances are incorporated into the ointment by levigation. (4)

MORTAR AND PESTLE OINTMENT SLAB OINTMENT MILL OINTMENT PARCHMENT PAD

Large amount or quantities of liquid are to be incorporated into a base.

MORTAR AND PESTLE

•Ground-glass plate and two 5-6 inches full blade hard steel spatulas. •Hard rubber or Tested plastic spatulas

OINTMENT SLAB

• Is an electronic mortar and pestle or a device called Unguator. This device can be controlled manually or via computer software. • Is convenient and ideal for making ointments in lots of 5 lbs. or more.

OINTMENT MILL

It is best not to allow too long in contact of the ointment with the parchment, as it may soften and tear.

OINTMENT PARCHMENT PAD

It is best not to allow too long in contact of the ointment with the parchment, as it may soften and tear.

OINTMENT PARCHMENT PAD

It is best not to allow too long in contact of the ointment with the parchment, as it may soften and tear.

OINTMENT PARCHMENT PAD

3 organic solvents : should not be used for dissolving the drug because the drug may crystallize as the solvent evaporates.

ETHER CHLOROFORM ALCOHOL

All or some of the components of an ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed. Components not melted are added to the congealing mixture as it is being cooled and stirred.

FUSION

OINTMENT Flashcards

(67 cards)