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NUR 321 > older adulthood > Flashcards

older adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

age of older adults

A

65+

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2
Q

older adulthood

A

living longer and healthier, they are active and contributing to society, and fastest growing segment in population

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3
Q

key to older adults

A

help them to live longer and fulfilled lives with dignity and independence

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4
Q

why are there so many older adults?

A

improved standard of living, improved nutrition, progress in medical care, increased health consciousness

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5
Q

“graying of america”

A

care will continue to shift from hospitals to community

goal is to maintain functional independence and delay entry into more formalized health care settings such as assisted living and long term care

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6
Q

older adult biology

A

identify normal age-related changes from pathological processes and illnesses

older adults’ concepts of health generally depend on personal perceptions of functional ability

there is a great variability in age-related changes

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7
Q

common chronic conditions in older adults

A

hypertension, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, asthma, chronic respiratory, stroke

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8
Q

erikson’s developmental stage: integrity vs. despair

A

leads to acceptance of death, intense period of reflection and places closure on one’s life

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9
Q

positive end result of integrity vs despair

A

acceptance of past life and life as it is now, reconciliation of what was hopes for and what is now, openness to life, serenity, wisdom, acceptance of death

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10
Q

roles and relationship

A

self-perception changes due to rol e change

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11
Q

self-perception changes due to role change: role changes

A

children independent, death or illness of loved ones, retirement, changes in health status, becoming a grandparent

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12
Q

misconceptions about older adulthood

A

disease is normal and unavoidable

health promotion is not important for older adults since their lives are almost over

damage to health resulting from inactivity or poor nutrition is irreversible

ageist beliefs about older adults

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13
Q

can we impact morbidity?

A

yes! by decreasing risk factors and improving health care, it would be possible to postpone the onset of chronic disease until an age closer to death

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14
Q

how can we decrease risk factors and improve health care?

A

exercise and diet, quit smoking, prevent falls, and preventive care

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15
Q

the decline in health in old age is primarily due to unhealthy lifestyle choices in earlier years

A

true

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16
Q

older adults experience coping and stress when they are adjusting to:

A

decreasing physical strength and health
retirement and lower/fixed income
death of parents, spouses, friends
new relationships with adult children
slower physical and cognitive responses
keeping active and involved
making satisfying living arrangements

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17
Q

interventions to deal with coping and stress

A

support during coping and address spirituality

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18
Q

outcomes of comprehensive assessment of older adults

A

identify individual strengths and weaknesses
develop plan of care that corrects problems
maintain health
improve the quality of life

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19
Q

older adult assessment

A

a functional, physical, social, and mental assessment of patient, caregiver, and environment

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20
Q

goals of an older adult assessment

A

minimize hospitalizations
establish complete diagnoses that are frequently overlooked
decreases over-prescription of meds
maintain health and health maintenance practices

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21
Q

key principles of older adult assessments

A

individualized, person centered approach
client/caregiver as an active partner
focus on functional ability
multidisciplinary
specialized knowledge (normal age related changes, appropriate lab values)

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22
Q

health promotion in older adults

A

healthy weight, healthy diet, staying active, fall prevention, maintaining relationships, regular medical check ups, flu shot, pneumonia shot, screenings for breast cancer, colon cancer, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, smoking cessation

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23
Q

important key to successful older adult assessment

A

use of screening tools tailored for seniors

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24
Q

screening tools tailored for seniors use!

A

allows for early detection and intervention
predicts service needs
instruments should always be evidence-based with good validity and reliability

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25
an overall assessment tool for older adults
fulmer SPICES
26
fulmer SPICES
Sleep disorders Problems with eating or feeing Incontinence Confusion Evidence of falls Skin breakdown
27
normal physical changes
integumentary, neuromuscular, sensory/perceptual, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, genitals, immunological, endocrine
28
nursing strategies for respiratory system
immunizations smoking cessation daily exercise see health care provider if: short of breath, respiratory infection is > 3 days, and if cannot tolerate fluids >1 day
29
nursing strategies for cardiovascular system
rest when feel tired or short of breath daily exercise wear socks to bed check for orthostatic changes, instruct to change positions slowly elastic stockings
30
nutrition and metabolic patterns
proper nutrition prevents cancer, obesity, GI disorder and provides energy for activities of daily living = individualized diet plan
31
risk factors for nutrition and metabolic patterns
low social support and low income
32
problems affecting nutrition patterns
GI function, decreased smell, vision, taste, oral and dental issues and swallowing, medications
33
nutritional screenings
healthy history, physical exam, labs, diet data, functional status
34
obesity can cause:
hypertension, diabetes, heart disease
35
nutrition interventions
assess contributing factors, use nutrition tool education about nutrition food assistance programs (barriers to these programs embarrassed to apply, lack of knowledge)
36
elimination pattern
bladder retains tone but capacity decreases
37
incontinence can lead to...
depression, UTIs, skin breakdown, use incontinence tool
38
management of elimination pattern
kegel exercises, pilates, scheduling, intake management, decrease caffeine, disposable undergarments
39
constipation can cause...
decreased mobility sedentary lifestyle medications
40
education about elimination patterns
exercise increase fiber increase fluid caution against daily use of laxatives
41
activity and exercise pattern
decrease falls increase strength reduce arthritis pain reduce depression improve integrity reduce risks for diabetes and CVD maintain weight lowers BP lowers cholesterol decreases constipation sleep better better digestion increases muscle tone increases flexibility and balance opportunity for socialization stress management
42
sleep pattern
many older people complain that they do not sleep as well as they used to sleep difficulty staying asleep, falling asleep, inability to fall back to sleep
43
causes of sleep patterns
stress, medications, poor habits, sleep disorders
44
sleep patterns DOs
schedule, exercise, ritual, quiet, dark, bed use
45
sleep patterns DONTs
nap, activity before bedtime, caffeine after mid-morning, drink alcohol before bedtime, sleep medications, tobacco
46
cognitive-perceptual pattern
cognitive problems are NOT part of the aging process
47
confusion often associated with psychological problem
assess and treat UTI and pneumonia
48
dementia goal!
increase quality of life, decrease morbidity and cost
49
managing dementia
keep routine, calm and gentle, encourage self-care, reduce sensory overload reminiscence and life review
50
benign forgetfullness
modest in short term memory forgets, then remembers, forgets unimportant events, may repeat stories over time uses mental retracing, reminders, notes to compensate some decline in abstraction, calculation, word fluency, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning
51
nursing strategies for aging minds
confusion, disorientation, inappropriate behaviors, loss of ability to follow directions or concentrations are NOT a part of normal aging
52
changes might have a physical or psychosocial basis and need to be evaluated
true
53
forgetfullness
attempt recall in calm, quiet place use memory aids use memory techniques
54
cues to impaired hearing
periodic hearing evaluations use of hearing aids teach methods of improve communication
55
methods to improve communication
eliminate background noise don not shout face speaker directly
56
cues to visual changes
annual eye exam and glaucoma screening use of bright, glare-free lights limit night driving if poor night vision
57
sexual and reproductive pattern
recognize sensitivity of topic approach matter of faculty as a normal and healthy aspect of daily life discuss normal age related changes and appropriate interventions susceptible to STIs older adults need intimacy, love, touch, as an expression of closeness and is an integral part of sexuality
58
depression
NOT a normal part of the aging process may occur with chronic illness, impaired functional ability, losses
59
signs and symptoms of depression
flat affect, anorexia, weight loss, sleep problems, fatigue, decreased ability to think and concentrate, decreased participation in activities and socialization
60
suicide
high rate in US compared to other countries highest rate seen in man > 75
61
risk factors or suicide
social isolation, alcohol and substance abuse, psychosis, bereavement, and serious mental illness
62
falls
1 in 3 older adults fall each year and are the lead cause to serious injury often leads to nursing home admission assess for falls teach safety interventions
63
causes of falls
neurological, osteoporosis, stroke, sensory impairment (vision)
64
biological agents
high rates of cancer in this age group more than half of cancers in this age group
65
influenza
death in older adults vaccinate annually
66
pneumonia
increased rate within 1 yr of hospitalization vaccinate at age 65
67
polypharmacy
use of multiple medication often duplicate for the same health problem 1/3 of all older adults take 5 or more prescriptions substance abuse a growing problem
68
alcohol use
use underestimate/hidden under diagnosed elderly more vulnerable to effects of alcohol
69
tobacco use
cumulative effects over lifetime promotes multiple chronic health conditions smoking cessation beneficial > age 65 can lead to COPD, bronchitis, lung cancer, stroke, HTN
70
older adult abuse
intentional or neglect that leads to harm physical, emotional, verbal, financial, sexual, and abandonment
71
highest risk of older adult abuse
older adult women dependent on a caregiver
72
projections for the future
emerging older adults will be healthier
73
emerging adults with be healthier if..
creativity and intellectual involvement experience and the desire to share it vitality and productivity compassion for others and concern for the world around them
74
challenge to nurses
correct misconceptions separate normal changes of aging from pathological processes and illnesses recognize high risk for and accumulation of chronic disorders and disabilities
75
nursing care can determine whether an older adult pt can...
maintain health recover from an illness maintains or regains function and independence achieves a peaceful death
76
nursing interventions should support..
self care abilities practices that foster health while aging
77
health promotion and health maintenance behaviors can impact positively on the quality of life for the older person
true

NUR 321 (6 decks)

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