stress and coping

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

an actual or alleged hazard to the balance of homeostasis

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems

Question 3

stressors

Answer 3

physical, psychological, or social stimuli that can produce stress and endanger homeostasis

Question 4

appraisal

Answer 4

how a person interprets the impact of a stressor

Question 5

eustress

Answer 5

positive stress

Question 6

distress

Answer 6

negative stress

Question 7

trauma

Answer 7

when symptoms of stress persist beyond the duration of the stressor

Question 8

T/F: stress occurs when an individual considers the event as a threat and the ability to respond to the demands placed on the individual by the event to be overwhelming

Answer 8

true

Question 9

acute stress

Answer 9

stress experienced on a daily basis from minor situations

Question 10

chronic stress

Answer 10

stress experienced on an ongoing basis, typically > 6 months

Question 11

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 11

traumatic events include motor vehicle crashes, natural disasters, violence

common among military personnel, veterans, first responders, and HCPs

Question 12

secondary traumatic stress

Answer 12

trauma a person experiences from witnessing suffering of others

a component of compassion fatigue

common among HCPs and first responders

Question 13

crisis

Answer 13

occurs when coping mechanisms are ineffective and a change must be made

Question 14

developmental crisis

Answer 14

also called a maturational crises

occurs when a person moves through different stages of life

Question 15

situational crisis

Answer 15

external crisis, typically unexpected trauma

Question 16

adventitious crisis

Answer 16

also called events of disaster

occurs during a major national disaster, man-made disaster, or crimes of violence

Question 17

primary appraisal

Answer 17

appraising the event in terms of its personal meaning

stress results when a person identified an event or circumstance as a harm, loos, threat, or challenge

Question 18

secondary appraisal

Answer 18

concurrently happens with primary appraisal

a person considers available resources and coping strategies

stress occurs if demands placed on the person by the event exceed the ability to cope

Question 19

coping

Answer 19

cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage a stressor

is unique for everyone, can be impacted by goals, beliefs, personal resources, cultural background, age, and types of stress experienced

Question 20

factors influencing stress and coping

Answer 20

situation, maturational, and sociocultural factors

Question 21

T/F: appraisal of stressors, amount and type of social support, and coping strategies all depend on previous life experiences and affect how a person reacts to that stressor

Answer 21

true

Question 22

T/F: situational and social stressors place ppl who are vulnerable at higher risk for prolonged stress

Answer 22

true

Question 23

situational factors

Answer 23

stressors in the workplace, adjusting to a new diagnosis

Question 24

maturational factors

Answer 24

stressors based on life stage

erikson’s developmental theories

include many milestone, such as beginning a fam and a career, losing parents, seeing children leave home, and accepting physical aging

Question 25

sociocultural factors

Answer 25

environmental, social, and cultural stressors ex: poverty, physical disability, social isolation

Question 26

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 26

3-stage reaction to stress triggered by a physical or psychological event involves several body systems in responding to the stress body is trying to return to allostasis

Question 27

T/F: pituitary gland initiates the GAS after encountering a physical demand

Answer 27

true

Question 28

alarm stage

Answer 28

CNS is aroused, body defenses are mobilizes, and fight or flight

Question 29

resistance stage

Answer 29

body stabilizes and responds, body is compensating for changes that occurred during alarm stage

Question 30

exhaustion stage

Answer 30

continuous stress causes a breakdown of compensatory mechanisms, can no long er adapt to stressor, state is associated with physiological problems

Question 31

immune response of GAS

Answer 31

stress response directly influences the immune response stress causes prolonged changes in immune system impairs immune function increases susceptibility to infection, high BP, diabetes, and cancer

Question 32

compassion fatigue

Answer 32

state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress resulting from physical and mental fatigue and exhaustion burnout occurs when perceived demands outweigh perceived resources feelings of irritability, restlessness, and inability to focus and engage with others often affects HCPs and other caregivers bc of the nature of the work

Question 33

second victim syndrome

Answer 33

when a medical error occurs that inflicts significant harm on a pt and the pt fam can sustain complex psychological harm that can lead to detrimental outcomes such as suicide can lead to symptoms that are similar to PTSD need to support these individuals when this type of event occurs

Question 34

T/F: stress and coping is a sensitive topic

Answer 34

true - need to establish a trusting nurse-client relationship first

Question 35

need to assess subjective findings

Answer 35

stressors and client's perception of event available situational supports methods of coping suicidality/homicidal thoughts

Question 36

assess objective findings

Answer 36

appearance nonverbal behaviors

Question 37

assessment of stress and coping

Answer 37

establish relationship assess subjective data assess objective data consider the environment use open ended questions

Question 38

planning for stress and coping

Answer 38

set priorities and develop goals together with the client set objectives with the client to achieve the goal

Question 39

setting priorities and develop goals together with the client

Answer 39

state goal in terms of the client state goal broadly in terms of reducing the problems or enhancing the strength that was noted in the diagnosis

Question 40

set objectives with the client to achieve the goal

Answer 40

SMART goals one behavior per objective

Question 41

implementation

Answer 41

health promotion acute care restorative and continuing care

Question 42

health promotion

Answer 42

regular exercise and rest support systems time management guided imagery and visualization progressive muscle relaxation therapies assertiveness training journal writing mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) stress management in the workplace social isolation and loneliness prevention

Question 43

acute care

Answer 43

crisis intervention

Question 44

restorative and continuing care

Answer 44

long term impact of a crisis

Question 45

evaluation

Answer 45

through the pt eyes (has stress been reduced?) pt outcomes

Question 46

pt outcomes

Answer 46

coping with stress takes time empowering the pt