OMR

Question 1

how are congenitally missing teeth charted?

Answer 1

black vertical line or x through the tooth

Question 2

how are previously extracted teeth charted?

Answer 2

blue vertical line or x through the tooth

Question 3

how are existing composite resin restorations charted?

Answer 3

outline surfaces in blue

Question 4

how are existing amalgam restorations charted?

Answer 4

fill in surfaces in blue

Question 5

how are existing gold restorations charted?

Answer 5

cross hatch surfaces in blue

Question 6

what is an odotogram

Answer 6

list all of the teeth for charting

Question 7

how are existing porcelin/ ceramic crowns charted?

Answer 7

outline tooth in blue

Question 8

what are 3 ways to maximize sharpness and resolution?

Answer 8

1. use as small an effective focal spot as practical
2. increase distance from focal spot to tooth with long open ended cylinder (aiming cylinder)
3. minimize distance from tooth to image receptor (film next to tooth)
   - further away, tooth closer to film

Question 9

image size distortion (magnification) can be minimized by?

Answer 9

1. increase focal spot to image receptor distance (aiming cone)
2. decrease tooth to receptor distance (film placement)

Question 10

image shape distortion can be minimized by?

Answer 10

1. position image receptor (film) parallel to long axis or the tooth
2. orient central ray (cone) perpendicular to the tooth and image receptor

Question 11

what color is used in charting for treatment that needs to be completed?

Answer 11

red

Question 12

how can shape distortion manifest?

Answer 12

foreshortening or elongation of the film image

Question 13

when does foreshortening of the film occur?

Answer 13

when the central bean is perpendicular to the image receptor (film) but the tooth is not
-film is not parallel to long axis of the tooth

Question 14

when does elongation of the film occur?

Answer 14

when the central beam is perpendicular to the tooth but not the image receptor

Question 15

what is paralleling technique ?

Answer 15

central ray should be perpendicular to the long axis of both the tooth and the image receptor

Question 16

what x-ray technique generates the least distortion and is the preferred method of capturing images when possible?

Answer 16

paralleling technique

Question 17

what is the bisecting angle technique?

Answer 17

the central beam should be directed at a right angle to the imaginary place bisecting the angle formed by the image receptor (film) and the central axis of the tooth. The film is slightly tilted more.
-angle bisects (inbetween) the central axis of the tooth and the film

Question 18

what is the result of the bisecting angle technique?

Answer 18

image of correct length but with distortions in tooth and height of alveolar crest

Question 19

Object localization rule : SLOB rule?

Answer 19

Same Lingual- Opposite Buccal

Question 20

if an object moves mesial or the same direction as you moved the tubehead, this it is _______ to the teeth?

Answer 20

lingual

Question 21

if the object shifts to the opposite direction, distally it is located _______ to the teeth?

Answer 21

buccal

Question 22

if the object does not shift, it is located _______ to the teeth

Answer 22

same plane

Question 23

how to increase periapical coverage?

Answer 23

increase the angle of the x-ray head and cone by 5-15 degrees

Question 24

To lessen distortion in a radiograph you can:
A. Increase distance between focal spot and image receptor
B. Decrease distance between object (tooth) and image receptor
C. Use paralleling technique
D. All of the above

Answer 24

D. All of the above

Question 25

how many films are in a full mouth series of radiographs?

Answer 25

18 films- 14 periapicals and 4 bitewings

Question 26

what number sensor is used for all radiographs?

Answer 26

#2

Question 27

what is the central x-ray entry point of the maxillary premolar region

Answer 27

point down from the pupil of the eye to mid cheek area

Question 28

what is the central x-ray entry point for the maxillary cuspid region?

Answer 28

ala of the nose

Question 29

what is the central x-ray entry point for the maxillary molar region?

Answer 29

point down from the outer canthus (corner) of the eye to mid cheek area

Question 30

what do we want to see in the maxillary molar x-rays?

Answer 30

distal of 2nd premolar to the maxillary 3rd molar

Question 31

When taking periapical radiographs of the upper bicuspids you do which of the following? A. Position the cone parallel to the occlusal plane B. Position the sensor such that it captures the cuspid back to the first molar C. Angle the cone from the mesial in order to project the cuspid onto the sensor D. Tip the patient back in the chair, mouth open, until the mandible is parallel with the floor

Answer 31

B. Position the sensor such that it captures the cuspid back to the first molar

Question 32

radiopaque?

Answer 32

anything that blocks the transmission of x-rays | -photons are not reaching sensor b/c absorbed

Question 33

is air and metal radiopaque or radiolucent?

Answer 33

air = radiolucent | metal - radiopaque

Question 34

radiolucent?

Answer 34

permits the transmission of x-rays

Question 35

what is more radiopaque, enamel or dentin?

Answer 35

enamel is more radiopaque

Question 36

enamel is what percent mineral?

Answer 36

90% | -most dense natural substance in the body made of calcium phosphate

Question 37

is dentin radiolucent or radiopaque? | what percent mineral?

Answer 37

- radiopaque - 75% mineral - makes up the largest portion of the hard structures of the tooth - same opacity as bone

Question 38

is cementum see radiographically?

Answer 38

seldom seen radiographically | -low contrast between it and dentin

Question 39

is pulp radiopaque or radiolucent?

Answer 39

-radiolucent

Question 40

lamina dura?

Answer 40

continuous with cortical bone at the alveolar crest | -surrounds the tooth locket with thick layer of dense bone

Question 41

is the lamina dura radiopaque or radiolucent?

Answer 41

radiopaque

Question 42

what can cause the lamina dura to appear more dense radiographically?

Answer 42

- passing of the x-ray bean at a tangent | - it is not any more mineralized than the surrounding bone

Question 43

is the alveolar crest radiopaque or radiolucent?

Answer 43

radiopaque

Question 44

how does the alveolar crest vary in the anterior and posterior?

Answer 44

anterior: pointed posterior: flat and parallel line connecting the CEJ's of adjacent teeth

Question 45

cancellous bone also know as?

Answer 45

trabecular bone

Question 46

where is cancellous bone located?

Answer 46

between the cortical plate

Question 47

is the cancellous bone radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 47

radiopaque plates and rods surrounding radiolucent marrow pockets

Question 48

what is the accepted distance of the alveolar crest to the CEJ?

Answer 48

1.5-2mm

Question 49

what type of restorative materials appear radiolucent?

Answer 49

- silicate cements - some composite resins - porcelain

Question 50

what type of restorative materials appear radiopaque?

Answer 50

- silver alamgam - gold - pins and posts - calcium hydroxide - gutta percha - some composities - stainless steal crowns - ortho bands and appliances - impants

Question 51

``` This portion of the tooth makes up the bulk of the structure of the tooth and is about the same opacity as bone: A. Enamel B. Dentin C. Cementum D. Pulp ```

Answer 51

B. Dentin

Question 52

where is the mental foramen typically located?

Answer 52

at the apex of the mandibular 2nd premolar