Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Radiology > Radiation Intro > Flashcards

Radiation Intro Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what has more energy a high or low frequency radiation?

A

high frequency has more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ionizing radiation?

A

radiation with suffient energy to displace atomic electrons thus breaking bonds to hold a molecule together

  • produces molecular chemical changes
  • can produce cell death and harmful effets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

radiation?

A

transmission of energy through space and matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the greatest source of natural radiation?

A

radon

-natural radiation is 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the greatest man made source of radiation?

A

CT scans,

Man made is 50% of radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

particulate radiation vs electromagnetic radiation?

A
  • particulate radiation = alpha particles, beta particle, neutrons
  • electromagnetic radiation = gamma rays, x- ray (photons). there are no particulate thus is is not as damaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are examples of ionizing radiation?

A

UV light, x-ray, gamma rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are examples of non-ionizing radiation?

A

infrared, visible light, microwaves, radiowaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is radiation measured?

A

dosimetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

exposure of radiation SI unit?

A

coulomb / kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

absorbed dose of radiation SI unti

A

Gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Equivalent dose of radiation SI unit?

A

Sievert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Effective dose of radiation SI unit?

A

Sievert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radioactivity of radiation SI unit?

A

becquerel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

air kerma

A

amount of electrical charge produced by ionizing radiation per mass of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

absorbed dose?

A

the energy absorbed by any type of matter and is derrived by calculating and imparted energy divided by the mass absorbing it.
- SI unit = gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

equivalent dose?
dependent on?
SI Unit?

A

compare the biologic effect on a tissue from different types of radiation

  • dependent on linear energy transfer - varies on type of radioactive energy
  • Sievert
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of radiation has a higher linear energy transfer(LET), particulate or photons?

A

particulate radiation has higher LET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

exposure?

SI Unit?

A

exposure is a measure of radioactive kinetic energy emitted from a source and is quantified generally by its capacity to ionize air
-SI unit = coulombs/kg (units of charge per mass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

effective dose?

SI unit?

A
  • measure the estimated risk to humans

- Si unit = Sievert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a higher weighting factor means?

A

tissue is more sensitive to radiation - it divides faster = more radiosensitive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what type of cell are more radiosensitive?

A

cells that divide rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why we wish to cover the reproductive organs?

A

effective dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

radiobiology?

Study These Flashcards
A

study of the effect of ionizing radiation on living systems

25
free radical states?
1. dissociation - it becomes stable but passes on the free radical to another molecule 2. cross-linking - two free radicals come together- biological change
26
radiolysis of water | what occurs in the presence of oxygen?
- photon absorbed by water in an organism - ionizing water molecules into free radicals. - hydroperoxyl free radical and hydrogen peroxide = cytotoxic
27
ionization of water leads to ____?
free radical production
28
damage from radiation of direct vs. indirect effects?
- direct = 1/3 biological damage from x-rays | - indirect effect - radiolysis of water is precursor of biological damage = 2/3 biological damage from x-rays
29
damage to _____ is the primary cause of radiation induced cell death.
DNA
30
deterministic effect are generally _____ related
tissue related
31
deterministic effect?
radiation injury dependent on the dose
32
short term effect from irradiation?
-seen earliest (days-weeks) in rapidly dividing tissues - bone marrow, breast, lung, GI tract, oral mucous membranes
33
long term effects of irradiation
loss of parenchymal cels and replacement by fibrous connective tissue. loss of capillaries
34
dose rate?
high rate produces more damage- less ability to repair
35
factors that make a cell have high sensitivity? | examples?
- divide regularly - long mitotic futures - undergo little or no differentiation - lymph organ, bone marrow, testes, intestine, mucous membranes
36
oral manifestations of radiation?
taste loos, mucositis, hypo-salivation, done destruction, trismus (can't open mouth), radiation caries
37
stochastic effect? | examples?
- radiation injury based on the probability of occurrence - no threshold level, and no level of exposure at which there is zero risk - the occurrence of radiation induced cancer and genetic alteration are stochastic effects, resulting from sublethal damage to DNA.
38
whole body irradiation dose of 1-2 grays?
prodromal symptoms
39
whole body irradiation dose of 50 grays?
cardiovascular and CN effects
40
whole body irradiation dose of 4-7 grays?
severe hematopoietic symptoms
41
periapical radiograph, is there a risk of long term damage?
yes
42
average annual natural ionizing radiation?
2.4 uSv (micro Sieverts)
43
average annual medical ionizing radiation?
2.0 uSv (micro Sieverts)
44
average annual man made radiation?
2.5 uSv (micro Sieverts)
45
radiation dose of dental x-ray?
0.5 uSv
46
radiation of CT of chest?
7000 uSv
47
one chest CT scan is equivalent to what?
1400 dental x-rays | 240 - 5hr flights
48
change of a stochastic effect from dental x-ray is ?
2 uSV = 0.1 in a million
49
3 guiding principles of radiation safety?
1. justification 2. ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) 3. Dose limitation
50
what is the dose limit in diagnostic and therapeutic radiology?
no dose limit
51
when should you prescribe x-rays?
not always in regular intervals but after evaluating a patient
52
do we at the university do routine radiographs on pregnant patients
no. if a radiograph can improve a patients care, then take the minimum number need with the maximum protection available
53
faster speed films require more or less radiation?
less radiation
54
longer source to skin distane _____ radiation exposure?
- reduces exposure | - going from 8 inches to 16 inches reduces exposure by 10-25%
55
rectangular vs circular collimators?
- rectangular collimators focus beam to an area slightly larger than the film/ sensor. - rectangular reduces exposure by 60% compared to circular collimators
56
filtration of x-rays serves to?
absorb low energy photons
57
distance to protect dental personnel?
- stand at least 2 m away from radiation source | - drops off logarithmically
58
where to position dental personnel?
90-135 degrees from the primary x-ray beam and behind the patient.
59
when do deterministic effects show up?
about 1 week later

Radiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions