On Field Care & Emergency Procedures

Question 1

What are some important factors to include in an emergency action plan

Answer 1

• Identify Emergency Personnel
• Identify Emergency Communication source
• Identify Emergency Equipment needed
• Know Roles of First Responders
• Activate EMS
• Create venue directions to provide to EMS staff
• Include Sports Medicine Staff Phone numbers

Question 2

What are some considerations when developing an emergency action plan

Answer 2

• Develop separate plan for each sport venue
• Inform coaches of the action plan
• Assign someone to accompany the injured athlete to hospital

Question 3

How often should emergency practice sessions for athletic trainers and EMTs be held

Answer 3

• At least once a year

Question 4

On field assessment can be divided into primary and secondary surveys, compare and contrast those

Answer 4

• Primary: Assessment of life threatening injuries

- Secondary: Performed after life threatening injuries have been ruled out

Question 5

What are some life threatening injuries that should be identified during primary survey

Answer 5

• Airway obstruction
• No breathing
• No circulation
• Profuse bleeding
• Shock

Question 6

What steps should be taken when managing the unconscious athlete

Answer 6

• Stabilize Cervical Spine
• Check responsiveness, airway, breathing, circulation, shock, and profuse bleeding
• Call 911
• Care for patient until help arrives

Question 7

What steps should be taken when managing the conscious patient

Answer 7

• Secondary survey
• Vital signs, history, musculoskeletal evaluation
• Treatment decision
• Transportation from field or court

Question 8

If an athlete is lying prone or on their side and breathing, what position should they be placed in

Answer 8

• Recovery position

- Laying on Left side; knees, hips, elbows flexed

Question 9

Discuss finger sweeping in the unconscious patient

Answer 9

• If object is lodged and visible, may be able to remove it with your fingers
• Take care not to drive the object deeper into the throat

Question 10

What are some ways to manage external bleeding

Answer 10

• Direct Pressure
• Elevation
• Pressure Points

Question 11

What are some considerations for a patient with suspected internal hemorrhaging

Answer 11

• Blood pressure should be closely monitored

- Should be hospitalized and under observation

Question 12

When is the development of shock most likely to occur

Answer 12

• With severe bleeding
• fractures
• internal injuries

Question 13

What is Shock

Answer 13

• Diminished amount of blood in the circulatory system
• Blood plasma moves into the tissue spaces in the body
• Blood flow stagnates and slows
• Not enough oxygen to tissues, particularly the nervous system
• Leads to widespread tissue death and eventual death of the individual unless treatment is given

Question 14

What are the main types of Shock

Answer 14

• Hypovolemic
• Respiratory
• Neurogenic
• Psychogenic
• Cardiogenic
• Septic
• Anaphylactic
• Metabolic

Question 15

What is Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 15

• Stems from trauma and blood loss

- decreased blood volume

Question 16

What is Respiratory Shock

Answer 16

• When lungs can not supply enough oxygen to circulating blood

Question 17

What is Neurogenic Shock

Answer 17

• Caused by general dilation of blood vessels within the cardiovascular system

Question 18

What is Psychogenic Shock

Answer 18

• Commonly called fainting or syncope

- Caused by temporary dilation of blood vessels that reduces the normal amount of blood in the brain

Question 19

What is Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 19

• Inability of heart to pump enough blood to the body

Question 20

What is Septic Shock

Answer 20

• From a severe, usually bacterial infection

- Toxins from bacteria cause small blood vessels in the body to dilate

Question 21

What is Anaphylactic Shock

Answer 21

• Result of sever allergic reaction

- Manage using Epipen

Question 22

What is Metabolic Shock

Answer 22

• Happens when severe illness such as diabetes goes untreated
• Also could be due to extreme loss of body fluid

Question 23

What are the signs of Shock

Answer 23

• Low Blood pressure
• Systolic below 90
• Pulse rapid and weak
• Patient may be drowsy and sluggish
• Shallow and rapid respiration
• Pale, cool, clammy skin

Question 24

How should shock be managed

Answer 24

• Maintain body temperature
• Elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches (injuries to certain body parts may change this)
• If psychological reaction, athlete should lie down and avoid viewing injury
• Loosen clothing
• Nothing should be given by mouth

Question 25

What is the AVPU scale

Answer 25

• Used to assess neurological status of trauma patients
• Alert - is patient alert
• Verbal - is patient verbal
• Pain - responds only to painful stimulus
• Unresponsive - doesn’t respond to painful stimulus

Question 26

What is the ADCU scale

Answer 26

• Used to assess neurological status of trauma patients
• Alert
• Confused
• Drowsy
• Unresponsive

Glasgow coma can also be used to assess neurological status

Question 27

What are the guidelines for proper splinting

Answer 27

• Dress open wounds before splinting
• Splint injury in position it is found
• Splint should immobilize injury, no movement
• Immobilize joints above and below
• Elevate splinted extremity
• Continuously check color of fingers and toes, ensure circulation

Question 28

What is the best way to splint injury to spine or pelvis

Answer 28

• Spine board