Environmental Considerations Flashcards
1
Q
Heat can be gained or lost through:
A
- Metabolic heat production
- Conductive heat exchange
- Convective heat exchange
- Radiant heat exchange
- Evaporative heat loss
2
Q
Describe conductive, convective, and radiant heat exchange
A
- Conductive: Physical contact with other objects
- Convective: Occurs when a mass of air or water moves around an individual
- Radiant: Radiant heat from sun gained, Radiating body heat lost
3
Q
What are ways to prevent Hyperthermia
A
- Appropriate Hydration
- Unrestricted fluid and electrolyte replacement
- Gradual acclimitazation
- Identify susceptible individuals
- Appropriate uniforms
- Weight records
- Monitor Heat index
4
Q
How do you prevent dehydration
A
- Start activity in hydrated state
- Monitor Urine color
- Ingest small amounts of fluid at regular intervals
- 17-20 oz water before exercise, 7-10 oz every 10-20 minutes of exercise
5
Q
What is mild dehydration
A
- Loss of less than 2 percent of body weight in fluids
- Losing more than 2 percent can pose a health problem
6
Q
What should fluid intake be during and after a sporting event
A
- Fluid intake should equal fluid lost
7
Q
What are the physiological effects of “hypohydration”
A
- Reduced muscular strength and endurance
- Decreased blood and plasma volume
- Altered cardiac function
- Impaired thermoregulation
- Decreased kidney function
- Reduced glycogen stores
- Loss of electrolytes
8
Q
What is the most effective fluid replacement drink
A
- Sports drinks are more effective than water
9
Q
What is heat syncope
A
- Fainting or dizziness from being out in the heat when not acclimated or with overexposure
- Relieved by laying athlete down, elevating lower extremities, replacing fluids
10
Q
What are exertional heat cramps
A
- Painful muscle spasms occur most commonly in calf and abdomen
- Occur because of an imbalance between water and electrolytes
- Involve excessive loss of water and sodiym
- Prevention and management is ingestion of fluids and electrolytes
11
Q
How can you differentiate between heat exhaustion and heat stroke
A
- Measure rectal temp
12
Q
What is exertional hyponatremia
A
- Condition involving abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood
- Usually from ingesting so much fluid that concentration of sodium is decreased
- Prevent and treat by replacing fluid lost, not more and by ingesting enough sodium
13
Q
What is acute mountain sickness
A
- Caused by going from low to moderate (7k to 8k feet) altitude
- Symptoms: Headache, Nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbance, dyspnea
14
Q
What is High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
A
- At altitude of 9k to 10k feet
- Lungs accumulate small amounts of fluid in alveolar walls
- If fluid is not absorbed and continues to collect, can cause pulmonary edema
- Symptoms: Dyspnea, cough, headache, weakness, unconsciousness
- Get athlete to lower altitude; Give oxygen
15
Q
What is High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
A
- In conjunction with HAPE
- Life threatening, can lead to coma or death
- Over 9k feet, increased permeability of cerebral endothelia when exposed to hypoxia causes increased blood flow
- Symptoms: Severe headache preceding mental dysfunction like hallucinations, bizarre behavior and coma
- Get athlete to lower altitude
