Oncogenes and tumor suppressor pairs Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
PDGF (PDGFB) function
A
Growth factor. secreted by activated platlets and macrophages. Induces vascular remodeling, smooth muscle cell prolif. Stimulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis
2
Q
Mutation in PDGF
A
Astrocytoma
3
Q
FGF function
A
Stimulate angiogenesis
4
Q
EGF function
A
stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (EGFR/ErbB1)
5
Q
TGFBeta function
A
Angiogenesis, fibrosis
6
Q
Metalloproteinases function
A
tissue remodeling
7
Q
VEGF function
A
stimulate angiogenesis
8
Q
ALK disease
A
oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, lung adenocarcinoma
9
Q
BCR-ABL disease
A
oncogene tyrosine kinase, CML (9;22), ALL
10
Q
BCL-2 disease
A
oncogene antiapoptoic molecule (inhibits apoptosis, gets too stable follic and diffuse large bell lymphoma
11
Q
BRAF disease
A
oncogene serine/threnonine kinase: melanoma, non hodgkin lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma
12
Q
C-Kit disease
A
oncogene cytokine receptor, GI stromal tumor
13
Q
c-MYC disease
A
oncogene trnascription factor, nuclear regulator, burkitt lymphoma t(8:14)
14
Q
HER2/neu (cerbb2) disease
A
oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase breast and gastric carcinomas
15
Q
Trastuzumab
A
tx for HER2neu cancers
16
Q
JAK2 disease
A
oncogene tyrosine kinase; CML
17
Q
KRAS disease
A
oncogene GTPase; colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
18
Q
MYCL1 disease
A
oncogene transcription factor, lung tumor
19
Q
MYCN disease
A
oncogene trnascirption factor, neuroblastoma
20
Q
RET disease
A
oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (growth factor receptor), neural growth factor, MEN2A, MEN2B, medullary thyroid cancer
21
Q
TSC1/TSC2 disease
A
tumor suppressor TSC1: hamartin protein, TSC2: tuberin protein, Tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
VHL func and disease
A
tumor suppressor inhibits hypoxia inducible fator 1a von hippel lindau disease
23
Q
WT1 disease
A
tumor suppressor Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) transcription factor regulating urogenital development
24
Q
NF1 diseasse
A
Neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein) tumor suppressor NF1
25
NF2 disesase
tumor suppressor Merlin (Schwannomin protein) NF2
26
DCC
tumor suppressor Deleted In Colon Cancer (DCC) Colon Cancer
27
DPC4/SMAD4
tumor suppressor Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer (DPC) Pancreatic cancer
28
APC
tumor suppressor negative regulator of beta catenin, WNT pathway Colorectal cancer (FAP assoc)
29
p53
Tumor suppressor, regulate cell cycle growth between G1 and S (upregulates BAX; disrupts Bcl2-\>cytochrome c leakage and destruciton) Start with 1 mutation in Li-Fraumeni syndrome present in over 50% of cancers
30
Rb
tumor suppressor, regulate G1 to S; holds E2F transcription factor, needed to progress to S phase E2F is released when RB is phosphorylated by clini D/CDK4 complex Mutation? free E2F and progression Sporadic: unilateral retionblastoma Rb disease? Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, often bilateral
31
CCND1 (cyclin D1)
cyclin, important in phoshporylating Rb to release E2F, Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14) oncogene
32
CDK4
oncogene cyclin dependent kinase, important in phoshporylating Rb to release EBF Melanoma
33
Liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis
Cholangiocarcoma
34
Schistoma Haematobium
bladder cancer (Squamous)
35
Psamomma bofdies
papillary carcinoma thyroid, serous papillary ovarian, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma
36
alk phos tumor marker
metastes to obne or liver, paget disease of obne, seminoma
37
AFP tumor marker
HCC\< hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell tumor (dont forget in preg high is neural tube defect or abd wall, low is down syndrome)
38
Beta hcgtumor
hydratiform moles, choriocarcinomas, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor
39
CA 15-3 CA27/29 tumor
Breast Cancer
40
CA19-9 tumor
pancreatic cancer
41
CA125 tumor
ovarian cancer
42
Calcitonin tumor
medullary thyroid carcinoma (including men2a and men2b)
43
CEA tumor
major assoc with colorectal and pancreatic, minor with gastric, breast, medullary
44
chromogranin tumor
neuroendocrine
45
PSA tumor
prostate cance,r but can be raised in BPH and prostatitis
46
GFAP stain
neuroglia
47
Neurofilament stain
neurons
48
keratin stain
epithelium
49
vimetin stain
mesenchyme
50
desmin stain
muscle
51
ER stain
breast epithelium
52
thyroglobulin stain
thyroid follic cells
53
chromogranin stain
neuroendocrine cells (eg small cell lung, carcinooid tumor)
54
S-100 stain
melanoma, schwannoma, langerhans cell histocytosis
55
P-glycoprotein function
MDR1 (multidrug reisstant protein 1), pumps out toxins like chemotherapeutic agents, bad news
56
What mediates cachexia
TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL1, IL6
57
hematogenous cancers
Four Carcinomas Route Hematogenous Follic Thyroid,Chorio carcinoma, renal cell, hepatocell
58
Blastic (sclerotic) mets, lytic mets, mixed mets
lytic: lung, multiple melanoma (technically a primary), thyroid, kidney (again mets more common) mixed: breast blast: prostate
59
VEGF monoclonal antibody, use, side effects
Bevacizumab Solid tumors (colorectal, renal) Hemorrhag,e blood clots, impaired wound healing
60
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitior uses, side effects
Erlotinib Non-small cell lung cancer rash
61
EGFR monoclonal antibody uses, side effects
Cetuximab Stage IV colorectal (KRAS), head and neck cancer Rash, LFTs, diarrhea
62
Tyrosine kianse inhibitor of BCR-ABL, c-kit, uses, side effects
Imatinib CML (bcr-abl, 9;22), GI stromal (c-kit) Fluid retention
63
monoclonal antibody CP20, uses, side effects
Rituximab Nonhodgkin lymphoma, CLL, ITP, RA risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus?)
64
Proteasome inhibitors ,arrest at G2-M phase and apoptosis, uses, side effects
Bortezomib, carfilzomib multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma periph neuropathy, VZV reactivaiton
65
SERMs uses, side effects
tamoxifene, raloxifene breast cancer tx (Tamoxifen only) osteoperosis (ramoxifene only) breast cancer prevention ( I reckon both) increased irsk of endometrial cancer with tamoxifen, not the case for raloxifen (antagonist at both) increased risk of thromboletic events iwth both
66
Her2 monoclonal antibody (Tyrosine kinase receptor)
Trastuzumab (herceptin) her2+ breast cancer, gastric cancer Cardiotoxicity
67
BRAF oncogene inhibitior
Vemurafenib metastatic melanoma
68
What is tumor lysis syndrome
oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis (usually lymphoma/leukemia) release K+, PO4-\> hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia get hypocalcemia from the hyperphosphatemia Nucleic acid breakdown give you hyperurecemia-\> kidney injury tx with hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase (basically breaks down uric acid)
69
Recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin
Rasburicase, prevnetion and tx of tumor lysis syndrome
70
monoclonal antibody against RANKL use, name
Denosumab; osteoperosis
71
Growth factor. secreted by activated platlets and macrophages. Induces vascular remodeling, smooth muscle cell prolif. Stimulates fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis
PDGF (PDGFB) function
72
Astrocytoma
Mutation in PDGF
73
Stimulate angiogenesis
FGF function
74
stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (EGFR/ErbB1)
EGF function
75
Angiogenesis, fibrosis
TGFBeta function
76
tissue remodeling
Metalloproteinases function
77
stimulate angiogenesis
VEGF function
78
oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, lung adenocarcinoma
ALK disease
79
oncogene tyrosine kinase, CML (9;22), ALL
BCR-ABL disease
80
oncogene antiapoptoic molecule (inhibits apoptosis, gets too stable follic and diffuse large bell lymphoma
BCL-2 disease
81
oncogene serine/threnonine kinase: melanoma, non hodgkin lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma
BRAF disease
82
oncogene cytokine receptor, GI stromal tumor
C-Kit disease
83
oncogene trnascription factor, nuclear regulator, burkitt lymphoma t(8:14)
c-MYC disease
84
oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase breast and gastric carcinomas
HER2/neu (cerbb2) disease
85
tx for HER2neu cancers
Trastuzumab
86
oncogene tyrosine kinase; CML
JAK2 disease
87
oncogene GTPase; colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
KRAS disease
88
oncogene transcription factor, lung tumor
MYCL1 disease
89
oncogene trnascirption factor, neuroblastoma
MYCN disease
90
oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (growth factor receptor), neural growth factor, MEN2A, MEN2B, medullary thyroid cancer
RET disease
91
tumor suppressor TSC1: hamartin protein, TSC2: tuberin protein, Tuberous sclerosis
TSC1/TSC2 disease
92
tumor suppressor inhibits hypoxia inducible fator 1a von hippel lindau disease
VHL func and disease
93
tumor suppressor Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) transcription factor regulating urogenital development
WT1 disease
94
Neurofibromin (Ras GTPase activating protein) tumor suppressor NF1
NF1 diseasse
95
tumor suppressor Merlin (Schwannomin protein) NF2
NF2 disesase
96
tumor suppressor Deleted In Colon Cancer (DCC) Colon Cancer
DCC
97
tumor suppressor Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer (DPC) Pancreatic cancer
DPC4/SMAD4
98
tumor suppressor negative regulator of beta catenin, WNT pathway Colorectal cancer (FAP assoc)
APC
99
Tumor suppressor, regulate cell cycle growth between G1 and S (upregulates BAX; disrupts Bcl2-\>cytochrome c leakage and destruciton) Start with 1 mutation in Li-Fraumeni syndrome present in over 50% of cancers
p53
100
tumor suppressor, regulate G1 to S; holds E2F transcription factor, needed to progress to S phase E2F is released when RB is phosphorylated by clini D/CDK4 complex Mutation? free E2F and progression Sporadic: unilateral retionblastoma Rb disease? Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, often bilateral
Rb
101
cyclin, important in phoshporylating Rb to release E2F, Mantle Cell lymphoma t(11;14) oncogene
CCND1 (cyclin D1)
102
oncogene cyclin dependent kinase, important in phoshporylating Rb to release EBF Melanoma
CDK4
103
Cholangiocarcoma
Liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis
104
bladder cancer (Squamous)
Schistoma Haematobium
105
papillary carcinoma thyroid, serous papillary ovarian, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma
Psamomma bofdies
106
metastes to obne or liver, paget disease of obne, seminoma
alk phos tumor marker
107
HCC\< hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell tumor (dont forget in preg high is neural tube defect or abd wall, low is down syndrome)
AFP tumor marker
108
hydratiform moles, choriocarcinomas, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor
Beta hcgtumor
109
Breast Cancer
CA 15-3 CA27/29 tumor
110
pancreatic cancer
CA19-9 tumor
111
ovarian cancer
CA125 tumor
112
medullary thyroid carcinoma (including men2a and men2b)
Calcitonin tumor
113
major assoc with colorectal and pancreatic, minor with gastric, breast, medullary
CEA tumor
114
neuroendocrine
chromogranin tumor
115
prostate cance,r but can be raised in BPH and prostatitis
PSA tumor
116
neuroglia
GFAP stain
117
neurons
Neurofilament stain
118
epithelium
keratin stain
119
mesenchyme
vimetin stain
120
muscle
desmin stain
121
breast epithelium
ER stain
122
thyroid follic cells
thyroglobulin stain
123
neuroendocrine cells (eg small cell lung, carcinooid tumor)
chromogranin stain
124
melanoma, schwannoma, langerhans cell histocytosis
S-100 stain
125
MDR1 (multidrug reisstant protein 1), pumps out toxins like chemotherapeutic agents, bad news
P-glycoprotein function
126
TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL1, IL6
What mediates cachexia
127
Four Carcinomas Route Hematogenous Follic Thyroid,Chorio carcinoma, renal cell, hepatocell
hematogenous cancers
128
lytic: lung, multiple melanoma (technically a primary), thyroid, kidney (again mets more common) mixed: breast blast: prostate
Blastic (sclerotic) mets, lytic mets, mixed mets
129
Bevacizumab Solid tumors (colorectal, renal) Hemorrhag,e blood clots, impaired wound healing
VEGF monoclonal antibody, use, side effects
130
Erlotinib Non-small cell lung cancer rash
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitior uses, side effects
131
Cetuximab Stage IV colorectal (KRAS), head and neck cancer Rash, LFTs, diarrhea
EGFR monoclonal antibody uses, side effects
132
Imatinib CML (bcr-abl, 9;22), GI stromal (c-kit) Fluid retention
Tyrosine kianse inhibitor of BCR-ABL, c-kit, uses, side effects
133
Rituximab Nonhodgkin lymphoma, CLL, ITP, RA risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus?)
monoclonal antibody CP20, uses, side effects
134
Bortezomib, carfilzomib multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma periph neuropathy, VZV reactivaiton
Proteasome inhibitors ,arrest at G2-M phase and apoptosis, uses, side effects
135
tamoxifene, raloxifene breast cancer tx (Tamoxifen only) osteoperosis (ramoxifene only) breast cancer prevention ( I reckon both) increased irsk of endometrial cancer with tamoxifen, not the case for raloxifen (antagonist at both) increased risk of thromboletic events iwth both
SERMs uses, side effects
136
Trastuzumab (herceptin) her2+ breast cancer, gastric cancer Cardiotoxicity
Her2 monoclonal antibody (Tyrosine kinase receptor)
137
Vemurafenib metastatic melanoma
BRAF oncogene inhibitior
138
oncologic emergency due to massive tumor cell lysis (usually lymphoma/leukemia) release K+, PO4-\> hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia get hypocalcemia from the hyperphosphatemia Nucleic acid breakdown give you hyperurecemia-\> kidney injury tx with hydration, allopurinol, rasburicase (basically breaks down uric acid)
What is tumor lysis syndrome
139
Rasburicase, prevnetion and tx of tumor lysis syndrome
Recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin
140
Denosumab; osteoperosis
monoclonal antibody against RANKL use, name
