ONCOGENESIS PART 1

Question 1

MOST DISRUPTED CHECKPOINT IN CANCER

Answer 1

G1/S CHECKPOINT

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE 3 GROUPS OF CDK

Answer 2

G1 : CDK 2, 4, 5, 6
S : CDK 2
G2 / M : CDK 3 (CDC 2)

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE 3 GROUPS OF CYCLIN

Answer 3

G1 : CYCLIN D, E
S: CYCLIN A
G2 / M : CYCLIN B/A

Question 4

NORMAL GENES THAT ARE ACTIVATED WHEN THERE IS A NEED FOR PROLIFERATION AND GROWTH

Answer 4

PROTO-ONCOGENES

Question 5

PROTO-ONCOGENES IS REGULATED BY __________

Answer 5

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE

Question 6

CELL UNDERGOES DNA MUTATIONS AND TARGET PROTO-ONCOGENE TO BE MUTATED

Answer 6

ONCOGENES

Question 7

A TYPE OF MUTATION WHEREIN PROTO-ONCOGENE BECOMES ONCOGENES

Answer 7

DOMINANT MUTATION

Question 8

A TYPE OF MUTATION WHEREIN TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE OR DNA REPAIR GENE BECOME DANGED AND LOSE FUNCTION

Answer 8

RECESSIVE MUTATION

Question 9

CHARACTERISTIC OF CANCER

Answer 9

1. COLONALITY
2. AUTONOMY
3. ANAPLASIA
4. INVASION AND METASTASIS

Question 10

TUMORS ARISES AS CLONES FROM A SINGLE CELL

Answer 10

CANCER IS A GENETIC DISEASE

Question 11

REGULATES CELL CYCLE

Answer 11

PROTEIN KINASE

CYCLIN (CDK)

Question 12

DETERMINES WHETHER THE CELL PROCEEDS TO THE NEXT PHASE OF CYCLE

Answer 12

CHECKPOINT

Question 13

2 IMPORTANT CHECKPOINTS

Answer 13

G1/ S CHECKPOINT

G2/ M CHECKPOINT

Question 14

ACTIVITY OF G2/M CHECKPOINT

Answer 14

1. CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION
2. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE BREAKDOWN
3. SPINDLE FORMATION

Question 15

ACTIVITY OF G1/S CHECKPOINT

Answer 15

1. ACTIVATES SEVERAL GENES THAT NEEDS S PHASE PROGRESSION

2. PROMOTES DIFFERENTIATION OF CELL VIA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR

Question 16

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF PRB IS INHIBITED (HYPOPHOSPHORYLATED STATE)

Answer 16

• THERE IS NO REPLICATION OF CELL
• PRB WILL BIND TO E2F NO TRANSCRIPTION WILL OCCUR
• CELL ARREST

Question 17

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF PRB IS STIMULATED (HYPERPHOSPHORYLATED STATE)

Answer 17

• THERE WILL BE CELL PROGRESSION

- PRB CANNOT BIND TO E2F CAUSING IT TO ACTIVATE TRANSCRIPTION

Question 18

REGULATES THE CHECKPOINT OF G1/S CHECKPOINT

Answer 18

RB GENE (TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENE)

Question 19

CYCLINS AND CDK ARE REGULATED BY ____

Answer 19

CDKI OR CDK INHIBITOR

Question 20

A CDKI THAT INHIBITS CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION AND PERMITS DNA REPAIR`

Answer 20

P21

Question 21

A CDKI THAT REGULATES SEVERE DAMAGE CELL TO UNDERGO APOPTOSIS BY INCREASING BAX

ALSO KNOWN AS GUARDIAN GENOME

Answer 21

P53

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE

P43 HALTS THE DAMAGED CELL IN PROCESSING BY ACTIVATING P21

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

FORMATION OF NEW BLOOD VESSEL

Answer 23

ANGIOGENESIS

Question 24

IMPORTANCE OF ANGIOGENESIS TO TUMOR CELL

Answer 24

TUMOR CELL NEEDS NUTRIENTS AND THROUGH THE FORMATION OF NEW BLOOD VESSEL. TUMORS SECRETE A LOT OF VEGF AND IT HELPS GROW BLOOD VESSELS AND THEREFORE HELPS GROW AND SPREAD THE TUMOR.

Question 25

ENCODES P21 IN CELL CYCLE AND PROMOTES CELL ARREST

Answer 25

RAS GENE

Question 26

RAS PROTO-ONCOGENE BECOME RAS ONCOGENE BY A MUTATION REPLACEMENT OF ___ TO ___ AT CODON ___

Answer 26

MUTATION REPLACEMENT OF GLYCINE TO VALINE AT CODON 12

Question 27

CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE

Answer 27

CELL ADHESION - APC AND DCC | REGULATORS OF CELL CYCLE - TP53 AND RB1

Question 28

SUBTYPE OF KNUDSON'S TWO HIT HYPOTHESIS

Answer 28

1. TS MUTATION IS INHERITED - SMALL ISOLATED CHANGES IN THE GENE 2. GROSS CHROMOSOMAL LOSS - COMPLETE LOSS OF THE CHROMOSOME

Question 29

WHAT IS THE TRANSLOCATION OF CHRONO MYELONGENIC LEUKEMIA

Answer 29

BCR-ABL FUSION OF CHROMOSOME 9 TO 22

Question 30

WHAT IS INVOLVE IN BURKITTS LYMPHOMA

Answer 30

c- myc IS TRANSLOCATED FROM CHROMOSOME 8 TO CHROMOSE 14

Question 31

KEEPS CELL FROM DIVIDING TO FAST AND PROVIDE INSTRUCTION IN MAKING PRB GENE

Answer 31

RB1 GENE

Question 32

TP 53

Answer 32

PRODUCT OF P53, IT WILL STOP DAMAGED CELL AND ACTIVATE P21 TO REPAIR IT HOWEVER IF THE CELL IS SEVERLY DAMAGED IT WILL STIMULATE INCREASE PRODUCTION OF BAX THAT WILL TRIGGER CELL APOPTOSIS OR CELL DEATH

Question 33

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THERES A MUTATION IN P53

Answer 33

THERE WILL BE NO DETECTION OF DAMAGED CELL WHICH MAY LEAD TO INAPPROPRIATE CELL SURVIVAL AND FORMATION OF CANCER