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Gynecology > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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1
Q

Granulosa cell tumor: tumor type

A

sex cord stromal tumor

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1
Q

Sex Cord Stromal Tumor: where do they come from?

A

stroma / gonads:
granulosa cells
sertoli cells
theca cells
leydig cells

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2
Q

Granulosa cell tumor affects which age?

A

adults
juvenile (pre-puerty)

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3
Q

granulosa cell tumor associated w/ what tumor markers?

A

elev inhibin
elev AMH

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4
Q

Histo findings granuloma cell tumors

A

Call-Exner Bodies
coffee-bean grooved nuclei

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5
Q

Granulosa cell tumor s/sx

A

excess estrogen

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6
Q

tumor marker for Immature teratoma

A

CA-125

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7
Q

tumor marker for endodermal sinus tumor

A

AFP

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8
Q

tumor marker for choriocarcinoma, dysgerminoma

A

hCG

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9
Q

tumor markers for serous and mucinous ovarian tumors

A

CEA

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10
Q

Tumor marker for dysgerminoma

A

LDH

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11
Q

MC sx fallopian tube CA

A

serosanginuous/clear discharge (hydrops tubae profluenss)

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12
Q

radiation therapy for cervical CA: Complications

A

affected epithelium (cystitis, diarrhea, mucositis, skin erythema)

fistula is rare

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13
Q

MC gyn CA U.S.

A

Type I endometrial CA

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14
Q

MoA Type I endometrial CA

A

unopposed estrogen

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15
Q

risk factors Type I endometrial CA

A

chronic anovulation (PCOS)
estrogen-producing tumors
BMI (androgen -> estrone in adipose tissue)

all unopposed estrogen

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16
Q

Type I endometrial CA: Histology types

A
  1. endometrioid adenoCA
  2. mucinous carcinoma
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17
Q

Type II endometrial CA: Histology types

A

clear cell carcinoma
serous carcinoma
carcinosarcoma

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18
Q

Type I endometrial CA: tumor grade, clinical course

A

low-grade, non-aggressive

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19
Q

Type I endometrial CA: common mutations

A

PTEN, K-ras

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20
Q

Type II endometrial CA: common mutations

A

Tp53, BRCA< ERbB2, p16

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21
Q

HPV E6 oncoprotein affects which gene? What does this gene do?

A

p53 (cell cycle regulatory protein)

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22
Q

HPV virus type?

A

dsDNA, circular DNA

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23
Q

adnexal mass: malignant-seeming sono findings

A

papillary or solid components
iregularity
ascites
inc vascularity
size >10cm

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24
ACOG recs for adnexal mass cx referral to GYO
- CA125 > 35 - sono findings ssugg. of malingnancy, ascites - abd, distant met check
25
HPV type w/ greatest risk for cervical CA
HPV16
26
most common cervical CA type
squamous cell (70%)
27
failure rate of in-office EMB at detecting endometrial CA in postmenopausal women?
1%
28
GTN types
invasive mole choriocarcinoma placental site trophoblastic tumor
29
PSTT mgmt
hysterectomy | poorly responsive to chemo
30
EMACO stands for
etoposide methotrexate actinomycin-D cyclophosphamide vincristine
31
Risk of ovarian CA up to age of 70yo? BRCA1 2. BRCA2
BRCA1: 45% BRCA2: 80%
32
Histo finding of uterine papillary serous carcinoma
psammoma bodies (look like onion)
33
papillary serous CA: type of uterine cancer?
type 2 | assoc w/ inc morbifity
34
Histo finding: yolk sac tumor
Schiller-Duval Bodies
35
Describe Schiller-Duval bodies
papillary sturcutres w/ central vessel
36
Histo finding: clear cell carcinoma
Hobnail cells
37
Histo finding: dysgerminoma
sheets of lymphocytes
38
Histo finding: krukenberg tumor
signet cells
39
Histo finding: choriocarcinoma
malignant cytotrophoblasts
40
tissue origin of sarcomas
mesenchymal tissue
41
Name types of cervical CA
1. squamous cell CA (MCC) 2. adenoCA 3. adenosquamous CA 4. adenoid cystic CA 5. neuroendocrine 6. undiff 7. mixed epithelial/mesenchymal
42
Dx Cx Inflammatory breast CA | what stageand age most common when diagnosed ## Footnote hormone responsive?
1. erythema >1/3 of breast, peau d'orange 2. NO palpable mass 3. >6mo 4. pathology confirmation | Stage III-IV (rapid onset, lymph involv., rare, aggressive); younger age ## Footnote hormone receptor negative (tx harder)
43
vaginal cancer spreads how?
1. local extension 2. lymphatic invasion
44
which lymph nodes drain upper 2/3 vagina | (imp for vaginal CA spread)
pelvic | most common location of spread
45
which lymph nodes drain lower 1/3 vagina
femoral and deep, superficial inguinal lymph nodes
46
mature teratoma most likely malignancy type?
squamous cell
47
general F population: % lifetime ovarian CA risk
~1.5%
48
CA assoc w/ Lynch Sd | less common assoc ## Footnote gene mutation
1. ovarian 2. endometrial 3. colon CA | gastric, ureteral, biliary, pancreatic, glioblastoma ## Footnote mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2)
49
CA assoc w/ Li-Fraumeni S/D | less common ## Footnote gene mutation
1. breast 2. colon | sarcoma, brain ## Footnote TP53 gene
50
Lynch Syndrome assoc w/ which gene mutations
MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS6
51
Lynch Syndrome a.k.a.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
52
Lynch Syndrome inheritance
autosomal dominant
53
Li-Fraumeni Inheritance
AD
53
Cowden S/D inheritance
AD
54
Cowden S/D gene mutation
PTEN mutation | PTEN creates tumor suppressor protein
55
Cowden S/D assoc CA | less common
1. breast 2. endometrial 3. colon | thyroid, GI hamartomas
56
Peutz-Jegher S/D assoc CA | less common
breast ovarian colon | GI hamartomas, pancreatic, gastric, small bowel
57
Peutz-Jegher S/D presentation
1. mucocutaneous pigment (mouth, eyes, nostrils, anus) 2. intestinal benign polyps 3. CA (breast, ovarian, colon)
58
Peutz-Jegher S/D inheritance
AD
59
Peutz-Jegher S/D gene mutation
STK11 | tumor suppressor gene
60
Vulvar paget's disease: benign or malignant?
malignant | high recurrence rate, low mortality
61
Vulvar paget's disease s/sx
itching eczematoid lesion raised edges, red background multifocal (vulva, mons, perneum, inner thigh)
62
most prognostic factor for vulvar CA survival
lymph node involvement
63
How to make vulvar CA dx
pathology
64
MC histologic type of endometrial CA
adenoCA (84%)
65
Indication of appy at time of gyn surgery
1. ovarian mucinous carcinoma 2. hx multiple surgeries chronic pelvic pain 3. grossly inflamed appendix 4. INVOLVED with tubo-ovarian abcess
66
HPV-independent vulvar CA: age group risk factors histopath HPV/CIN related?
older age group risk factors: vulva atypia (lichen sclerosis) histo: keratinizing/squamous cell CA less assoc w/ HPV, CIN, STI, smoking, condyloma
67
Paget's Disease of nipple = what kind of CA?
high-grade ductal CA in situ
68
pathognomonic presentation of Paget's Disease of nipple
scaly nipple/areola rash
69
assoc w/ bloody nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma (+/i carcinoma)
70
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia: relative risk fo developing breast CA?
5x

Gynecology (7 decks)

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