Oncology (cancer)

Question 1

oncos

Answer 1

benign tumor, slow growth, encapsulated

Question 2

carcinos

Answer 2

malignant tumor, fast growth, invasive/infiltrative, anaplastic, metastatic

Question 3

neoplasm

Answer 3

tumor의 다른 명칭

Question 4

주변조직 침범여부에 따른 분류 3가지

Answer 4

encapsulated(피막형성), invasive(침습성), infiltrative(침윤성)

Question 5

invasive와 infiltrative 차이

Answer 5

invasive: enter and destroy surrounding tissue
infiltrative: extending beyond normal tissue boundaries

Question 6

morphology 용어 2가지

Answer 6

anaplasia(역형성의), hyperchromatic(과다염색의)

Question 7

location 용어 1가지

Answer 7

metastatic(전이)

Question 8

발암유발 인자 2가지

Answer 8

environmental agents, heredity

Question 9

environmental agents 종류 3가지

Answer 9

chemical carcinogens, radiation, oncogenic viruses

Question 10

chemical carcinogens 종류 3가지

Answer 10

hydrocarbons, hormones, insecticides

Question 11

oncogene 뜻 및 4가지

Answer 11

종양유전자, RAS(colon cancer), ABL(chronic myelogenous leukemia), MYC(lymphoma), PML-RARA

Question 12

heredity 특징 및 종류 4가지

Answer 12

tumor suppresor genes, BRCA(ovarian, breast), APC(polyposis coli syndrome), p53(Li-fraumeni, 최빈), Rb1(retinoblastoma, 최초발견)

Question 13

oncogene vs TSG

Answer 13

oncogene = gain of function, TSG = loss of function

Question 14

cancerous tumors 분류 기준

Answer 14

histogenesis(조직발생)의 기원 세포 종류

Question 15

cancerous tumors 3가지 및 유래조직

Answer 15

carcinoma(epithelial), sarcoma(connective), mixed-tissue tumors(미분화 세포, 특히 줄기세포)

Question 16

carcinoma 2가지

Answer 16

adenoma(샘종, 양성), adenocarcinoma(샘암종, 악성)

Question 17

sarcoma 유래 조직의 3가지 이름

Answer 17

기원: mesodermal layer(중배엽)
구성: mesenchymal tissue(중간엽 조직)
역할: parenchyme(실질)

Question 18

sarcoma 7가지

Answer 18

osteosarcoma, osteoma, leukemia, lymphoma, giloma, neuroblastoma, rhabadomyosarcoma

Question 19

mixed-tissue tumor 2가지와 위치

Answer 19

Wilms tumor (kidney), Teratoma (ovaries, testes)

Question 20

pathologic description 2가지와 경우

Answer 20

gross(클 때), microscopic(작을 때)

Question 21

gross description 7가지

Answer 21

cystic, fungating, inflammatory, medullary, necrotic, polypoidy, ulcerating

Question 22

cystic 2가지

Answer 22

mucinous(점액성), serous(장액성)

Question 23

fungating

Answer 23

버섯 모양의

Question 24

polypoidy

Answer 24

폴립 모양

Question 25

microscopic description 10가지

Answer 25

alveolar, carcinoma in situ, diffuse, dysplastic, epidermoid, follicular, papillary, pleomorphic, scirrhous, undifferentiated

Question 26

alevolar

Answer 26

꽈리의

Question 27

carcinoma in situ

Answer 27

상피내암종, 그 자리에 그냥 있는 것

Question 28

diffuse

Answer 28

spreading evenly throughout

Question 29

dysplastic

Answer 29

형성이상

Question 30

epidermoid

Answer 30

표피유사

Question 31

follicular

Answer 31

소포, 난포, 주머니

Question 32

pleomorphic

Answer 32

다형의, 다형태의

Question 33

scirrhous

Answer 33

굳은암종의

Question 34

grading system 기준 및 등급

Answer 34

현미경으로 볼 때 분화 정도, I, II, III, IV 순으로 분화가 비정상

Question 35

staging system 기준 및 등급

Answer 35

퍼져나간 정도, TNM 점수, I, II, III, IV 순으로 전이가 많이 되어 치료가능성 나쁨

Question 36

TNM 점수

Answer 36

T: primary tumor의 크기, 기준 3cm N: regional lymph node에 전이여부 M: distant metastasis, 멀리 전이여부

Question 37

cancer treatment 4가지

Answer 37

surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy

Question 38

surgery 9가지

Answer 38

debulking, adjuvant, cauterization, cryosurgery, en bloc resection, excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, exenteration, fulguration

Question 39

adjuvant

Answer 39

radiation and/or chemotherapy 보조

Question 40

cryosurgery

Answer 40

freeze and destroy tissue

Question 41

en blog resection

Answer 41

일괄절제술, surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes is removed as well

Question 42

excisional biopsy

Answer 42

removal of tumor and margin of normal tissue

Question 43

incisional biopsy

Answer 43

removal of piece of tumor to establish diagnosis

Question 44

exenteration

Answer 44

내용물적출술, removes organ of origin as well as tumor

Question 45

fulguration

Answer 45

destruction of tissue via electricity

Question 46

radiation therapy 8가지

Answer 46

brachytherapy, fractionation, gray(Gy, rad), photon therapy, proton therapy, radiosensitizers, simulation, stereotactic radiosurgery

Question 47

brachytherapy

Answer 47

근접치료

Question 48

fractionation

Answer 48

small repeated doses instead of large doses

Question 49

gray(Gy)

Answer 49

unit of absorbed radiation dose

Question 50

photon therapy

Answer 50

uses x-rays of gamma rays

Question 51

radiosensitizers

Answer 51

방사선민감화약제

Question 52

stereotactic radiosurgery

Answer 52

gamma knife surgery using stereotactic(highly precise) guidance to destroy tumors

Question 53

radiotherapy 부작용 7가지

Answer 53

alopecia, fibrosis, mucositis, myelosuppresion, nausea/vomiting, pneumonitis, xerostomia

Question 54

alopecia

Answer 54

탈모

Question 55

fibrosis

Answer 55

섬유종

Question 56

mucositis

Answer 56

점막염

Question 57

myelosuppresion

Answer 57

골수분화억제

Question 58

pneumonitis

Answer 58

폐렴

Question 59

xerostomia

Answer 59

구강건조증

Question 60

chemotherapy 5가지

Answer 60

alkylating agents, antibiotics, antimetabolites, antimiotics, hormonal agents

Question 61

alkylating agents 3가지

Answer 61

carmustine, cisplatin, temozolomide

Question 62

antibiotics 1가지 및 암 종류

Answer 62

doxorubicin (breast cancer)

Question 63

antimetabolites 3가지

Answer 63

cytarabine, 5-FU(5-Fluorouracil), MTX(methotrexate)

Question 64

antimitotics 1가지

Answer 64

paclitaxel (taxol)

Question 65

hormonal agents 3가지

Answer 65

dexamethasone, prednisone, tamoxifen

Question 66

biological therapy 원리 및 4가지

Answer 66

biological response modifiers 이용, bevacizumab, interferons, interleukin2, trastuzumab

Question 67

cancer treatment drugs 2가지

Answer 67

molecularly targeted drugs, differentiating agents

Question 68

molecularly targeted drugs 2가지

Answer 68

angiogenesis 표적 drug, Abl kinase 표적 drug

Question 69

angiogenesis 표적 drug 2가지

Answer 69

bevacizumab: mAb, VEGF(growth factor) 파괴 sunitinib: nib(inhibitor), VEFG receptor를 억제

Question 70

Abl kinase 표적 drug 1가지

Answer 70

Imatinib(Gleevec): abl oncogene이 발현 후 일종의 kinase로 작용하는 것을 억제

Question 71

differentiating agents 1가지 및 치료 암

Answer 71

ATRA(all trans retinoic acid)로 APL(acute promyelocytic leukemia) 치료

Question 72

lab test 원리 및 1가지

Answer 72

혈액 속 protein을 측정해 암 진단, PSA(prostate-specific antigen)

Question 73

clinical procedures 5가지

Answer 73

bone marrow biopsy, bone marrow or stem cell transplant, exfoliative cytology(pap smear test), laparoscopy aka peritoneoscopy, mammography