operant conditioning

Question 1

what is positive punishment

Answer 1

giving something negative as a punishment for negative behaviour(behaviour is weakened)

Question 2

what is positive reinforcement

Answer 2

giving something positive as a reward for positive behaviour(behaviour is strengthens)

Question 3

what is negative punishment

Answer 3

Taking away something positive as a punishment for negative behaviour(behaviour is weakened)

Question 4

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 4

taking something negative away (behaviour is strengthened)

Question 5

what is shaping

Answer 5

selective reinforcement of successive closer proximations to a target behaviour

Question 6

what are the steps in shaping

Answer 6

-wanting to condition a complicated behaviour
-rewards anything that resembles target behaviour
-as it gets closer to desired behaviour rewards can be selective to desired behaviour

Question 7

what are problems with continuous reinforcement

Answer 7

-value of reinforcer decreases
-they may no longer be encouraged to perform the behaviour

Question 8

what are ratio schedules

Answer 8

reinforcement depends on number of responses

Question 9

what is a fixed ratio schedule

Answer 9

every specific number of responses will be rewarded and they stay the same

Question 10

what is a variable ratio schedule

Answer 10

rewarding but changing each time

Question 11

what is an interval schedule

Answer 11

based on actual length of time between reinforcements

Question 12

what is a fixed interval schedule

Answer 12

rewarding after a set time

Question 13

what is a variable interval schedule

Answer 13

changing the length of time during reinforcements