Operating System

Question 1

Program

Answer 1

-> what is wrote in the source code, is static, stored on disk and is code that performs some task (Java, complied executable etc).

Question 2

Process

Answer 2

-> the activity that the CPU performs when it executes a program, dynamic, instruction pointer starts at first instruction in memory, loaded from disk into memory.
Dynamic because inputs may vary results, but the program doesn’t change since it is the code itself.

Question 3

Central Kernel

Answer 3

-> resides in memory permanently. Performs low-level, frequently needed activities and operates in “kernel mode”.

Question 4

Shell

Answer 4

-> provides the user interface for OS, allows user to run and interact with program and operates in “user mode”.

Question 5

Set of processes

Answer 5

-> might be created by the kernel ,or executed when the user runs software. Can be privileged or non-privileged.

Question 6

SetUp with ROM and IP

Answer 6

When device is turned on, an interrupt is sent to the CPU. The instruction pointer is set to the first address in ROM and the FDE cycle begins.

Question 7

ROM Bootstrap Program

Answer 7

ROM contains a small bootstrap program, performing basic system checks, setting up the system bus and I/O channels, and loads OS kernel from disk and passes control to it.

Question 8

Connection Between Kernel and Shell in startup

Answer 8

The kernel performs further setup and system checks, starting processes allowing background tasks and starts the main shell process.
The main shell process then allows interaction with the OS, processing the run in user mode.