Operating Systems Flashcards

Question

Which of the following ls command options is used to display hidden les and directories? A. -a B. -s C. -lh D. -t

Answer 1

A. -a ## Footnote The -a option in the ls command shows all files, including hidden ones (those starting with a dot .), in a directory. Why the other options are incorrect: B. -s: Displays the size of files, not hidden files. C. -lh: Lists files with detailed information, including sizes and permissions, but does not specifically show hidden files. D. -t: Sorts files by modification time, not by visibility.

Answer 2

C. Network and Sharing Center ## Footnote The Network and Sharing Center in Windows 10 is where users configure network discovery, file and printer sharing, and network profile settings. These settings affect whether older systems like Windows XP can see and connect to shared resources on the Windows 10 device. ❌ A. Devices and Printers Used for managing connected hardware like printers and Bluetooth devices — not related to file sharing or mapped drives. ❌ B. Administrative Tools Includes advanced system tools like Event Viewer and Services, but not the place to configure network sharing settings for drive access. ❌ D. Programs and Features Used to uninstall or modify installed software — not related to network connectivity or shared drives.

Answer 3

B. VPN (Virtual Private Network) F. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ## Footnote A VPN encrypts the connection between the remote user's device and the company's internal network. It provides secure access to servers and fileshares as if the user were physically on-site. It's a standard method for securing remote access. HTTPS encrypts web traffic between a client and a server. If the company hosts file shares or internal tools through web portals, HTTPS ensures that data in transit remains secure. ❌ A. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) While useful for remote access, RDP by itself is not secure unless it's tunneled through a VPN or wrapped in other security measures. ❌ C. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FTP sends data in cleartext and is insecure for remote access unless replaced by SFTP or FTPS. ❌ D. VLAN (Virtual LAN) VLANs segment traffic within a local network but do not secure remote access. ❌ E. Telnet Like FTP, Telnet is insecure, transmitting data (including passwords) in plaintext. ❌ G. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DHCP assigns IP addresses automatically — not related to secure remote access.

Answer 4

B. The 32-bit OS ## Footnote A 32-bit version of Windows has a maximum memory limit of 4GB (often slightly less due to system reserved memory). This is a hardware architecture limitation, not specific to any edition or license level. Even if the system has more RAM installed, a 32-bit OS cannot use more than ~4GB. ❌ A. The Home version OS The Home edition can come in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. It’s not the edition (Home vs. Pro) but the bit version that determines RAM limits. ❌ C. The 64-bit OS 64-bit Windows can support much more RAM (often 128GB or more depending on the edition). ❌ D. The trial version OS A trial version has no RAM limit tied to the trial status — it depends on whether it’s 32- or 64-bit.

Answer 5

D. Disable UPnP ## Footnote UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows devices on a network to automatically open ports on the router without user approval. Disabling UPnP ensures that only manually specified ports are open, which is essential for controlling incoming traffic securely. This is the best way to prevent unauthorized port forwarding and limit access to only specific, technician-configured ports. ❌ A. Physically secure access to the router Physical security is important but doesn't control incoming network traffic or port configuration. ❌ B. Implement AES encryption AES encryption (used in Wi-Fi security like WPA2/WPA3) protects wireless traffic, but doesn’t manage incoming ports. ❌ C. Install the latest firmware Updating firmware is good practice for security and stability, but it doesn’t configure or restrict port access directly.

Answer 6

C. Linux ## Footnote The ext4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem) is a widely used default filesystem in many Linux distributions (e.g., Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora). It’s known for reliability, performance, and large storage support. ❌ A. macOS macOS uses APFS (Apple File System) or older versions may use HFS+ — not ext4. ❌ B. iOS iOS also uses APFS, just like modern macOS — not ext4. ❌ D. Windows Windows uses NTFS by default for its system partitions and FAT32/exFAT for removable media — not ext4.

Answer 7

B. Linux ## Footnote Linux is free, open-source, and does not require licensing fees. It works well on older hardware, making it ideal for repurposing an old desktop into a file server. Linux distributions (like Ubuntu Server, Debian, or CentOS) offer robust file sharing capabilities (e.g., Samba for Windows compatibility). It's well-documented and widely used for simple server tasks like photo and video sharing. ❌ A. Chrome OS Chrome OS is designed for lightweight personal computing, not for running a file server. It also has limited file-sharing features and is not ideal for this use case. ❌ C. macOS macOS requires Apple hardware and is not free — it comes with licensing restrictions. ❌ D. Windows Windows, while capable, requires a license, especially for professional or server use. It's also more resource-heavy than Linux, which can be a problem on older desktops.

Answer 8

A. Network & Internet ## Footnote This is where you connect to Wi-Fi by entering the SSID and password. ❌ B. System – Manages display and sound, not network. ❌ C. Personalization – Changes desktop appearance. ❌ D. Accounts – Manages user profiles, not Wi-Fi.

Answer 9

B. Folder redirection ## Footnote ✅ B. Folder redirection Allows admins to redirect user folders (like Documents) to a network file server. Ensures users’ files are saved centrally and backed up. ❌ A. Security groups Used to manage permissions, not folder locations. ❌ C. Organizational unit structure Organizes users and computers but doesn’t redirect folders. ❌ D. Access control list Controls permissions on files/folders, doesn’t move them.

Answer 10

A. Windows ## Footnote ✅ A. Windows Most common for business and industrial applications like inventory management. Supports a wide range of enterprise software and legacy systems used in factories. ❌ B. Chrome OS Primarily for lightweight web-based tasks, not typical for factory systems. ❌ C. Android Mostly for mobile devices and tablets, not common for factory inventory servers. ❌ D. iOS Used on Apple mobile devices, unlikely for running factory systems.

Answer 11

C. Sufficient storage space ## Footnote ✅ C. Sufficient storage space Needed to install the OS files on the hard drive or SSD. Without enough free space, the installation cannot proceed. ❌ A. Internet connection Helpful for updates but not required to start installation. ❌ B. Product key Usually can be entered later; some installations allow skipping initially. ❌ D. UEFI firmware Optional; Windows 10 supports both UEFI and Legacy BIOS. ❌ E. Legacy BIOS Also optional; depends on hardware—either UEFI or BIOS will work.

Answer 12

A. Family Options ## Footnote Family Options in Windows 10 allows parents to manage screen time, control app and game purchases, and monitor activity. It's specifically designed to help manage and limit children's usage of the computer and internet. Why the other choices are incorrect: ❌ B. Update & Security – Used for system updates and recovery settings, not parental controls. ❌ C. Ease of Access – Provides accessibility features for users with disabilities, not usage time limits. ❌ D. Network & Internet – Used to configure Wi-Fi, VPNs, and network adapters, not time restrictions. ❌ E. Privacy – Deals with data collection and permissions, not managing user time or parental controls.

Answer 13

A. Dedicated GPU ## Footnote ✅ A. Dedicated GPU A dedicated GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is the most important component for rendering 3-D promotional movies. GPU acceleration significantly improves rendering speed and performance in video editing and 3D modeling applications (e.g., Blender, Maya, Adobe After Effects). ❌ Incorrect Options: B. DDR5 SODIMM While DDR5 is fast, SODIMM is a laptop memory form factor, not typically used in desktops. Even if using DDR5, it's not more important than a powerful GPU for 3D rendering. C. NVMe disk NVMe storage provides fast read/write speeds, improving file access and application load times. However, it does not impact rendering performance as much as a GPU. D. 64-bit CPU A 64-bit CPU is standard today and required to run modern applications, but rendering performance benefits more from GPU acceleration.

Answer 14

D. Go to Programs and Features, select the program, and click on Change. ## Footnote ✅When a Windows program is already installed but optional features were not selected during installation, many programs allow you to modify or add features through the “Change” option in Programs and Features. This lets you install or enable additional components without uninstalling the program. ❌ Breakdown of Incorrect Answers: A. Go to Programs and Features, uninstall the program, and reinstall it. ❌ This is unnecessary. You don’t need to uninstall the program to enable optional features unless the "Change" option is not available. B. Go to Administrative Tools and edit System Configuration. ❌ System Configuration (msconfig) is used to manage startup settings, not install program features. C. Go to Administrative Tools and run Disk Cleanup. ❌ Disk Cleanup is for removing temporary files and freeing disk space — unrelated to installing program features.

Answer 15

D. Linux ## Footnote ✅ Linux is the most commonly used operating system in embedded systems due to its: Open-source nature – allows developers to customize the kernel and components. Low resource requirements – works well with limited CPU, memory, and storage. Strong community and support – many tools and libraries are available. Stability and reliability – essential for embedded applications. Examples include smart TVs, routers, car infotainment systems, and IoT devices. ❌ Breakdown of Incorrect Options: A. Chrome OS ❌ Designed for web-based computing on laptops and desktops, not for embedded systems. B. macOS ❌ A proprietary OS used only on Apple desktops/laptops; not designed for embedded use. C. Windows ❌ While Windows IoT exists, it's less commonly used in embedded devices compared to Linux.

Answer 16

D. Connections ## Footnote The Connections tab is where you can: Set up LAN settings. Specify a proxy server address and port number. Automatically detect or configure proxy settings manually. ❌ Why the Other Options Are Incorrect: A. Privacy 🔻 Controls cookie handling and pop-up blockers—not proxy configuration. B. Advanced 🔻 Contains general browser and connection settings, but not where proxy is configured. C. Content 🔻 Manages parental controls, certificates, and auto-complete settings—not network access. E. Security 🔻 Manages security zones and level of access for web content—not related to proxy settings.

Answer 17

A. The computer is running Windows Home. ## Footnote ✅ Local Security Policy editor (secpol.msc) is not available on Windows Home editions. It is only available on Windows Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions. If the technician cannot launch the snap-in, the most common reason is that the OS edition does not support this feature. ❌ Why the other options are incorrect: B. The user did not sign the end user license agreement 🔻 This would typically prevent installation or initial setup, not launching a specific MMC snap-in. C. The user disabled the User Account Control 🔻 Disabling UAC might reduce security prompts but does not prevent launching the Local Security Policy snap-in. D. An antivirus application is blocking access 🔻 While possible, it’s unlikely the primary cause preventing the snap-in from opening.

Answer 18

C. Create a domain and join the workstations to the domain for management purposes. ## Footnote ✅Creating a domain and joining workstations to it centralizes management, allowing easier deployment of updates, policies, and user management. Domains use Active Directory to manage users, computers, and resources centrally, which is more scalable and manageable than workgroups. Why the others are less suitable: A. Downgrade all workstations from Pro to Home ❌ Home edition lacks management features (like joining a domain), making management harder, not easier. B. Upgrade to Pro for Workstations ❌ Pro for Workstations is meant for high-performance hardware and workloads, not for management features. D. Make sure all workstations are under the same workgroup name ❌ This does not significantly improve manageability; workgroups remain decentralized and harder to manage at scale.

Answer 19

A. Power Plans ## Footnote ✅Power Plans manage how a laptop uses power, especially when running on battery. The dim screen and quick timeout are both controlled under the power plan settings. ❌ B. Hibernate – This saves memory to disk and powers off, but it doesn't control screen brightness or quick dimming. ❌ C. Sleep/Suspend – Refers to putting the computer into a low-power state, not controlling brightness or short screen timeouts. ❌ D. Screensaver – A screensaver is just an animation or image shown after inactivity and doesn’t affect screen brightness or power usage.

Operating Systems Flashcards

(43 cards)