Operating Systems Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is an operating system (OS)?
Software tasked with managing hardware and software resources, serving as an interface between users and the computer’s hardware.
Name four types of operating systems based on task management.
Batch OS, Multiuser OS, Multitasking OS, Multiprocessing OS.
What is a Batch OS?
An OS that allows a single user to perform one task at a time.
What is a Multiuser OS?
An OS that allows multiple users to utilize the computer’s resources simultaneously.
What is a Multitasking OS?
An OS that allows multiple tasks to execute simultaneously.
What is a Multiprocessing OS?
An OS where two or more CPUs work together to manage the computer’s functions.
Name three types of operating systems based on user interaction.
Distributed OS, Real-Time OS, Mobile OS
Name the main functions of an operating system.
Process management, memory management, I/O management, file management, networking, job accounting, and communication management.
What is process management?
The creation, scheduling, and termination of processes
What is memory management?
Managing memory space for programs.
What is I/O management?
processes and techniques used by an operating system to manage input and output operations. This involves coordinating the communication between the system’s hardware (like disks, keyboards, and network interfaces) and software to ensure efficient and reliable data transfer.Monitoring and controlling connected devices.
What is file management?
Managing naming, sharing, storage, and retrieval of files.
What is job accounting in an OS?
Tracking time and resources used by processes.
What is a daemon?
A program that runs as a background process.
What is a process in the context of an OS?
A program under execution.
Name the seven states a process can be in.
New, Ready, Waiting, Executing, Blocked, Suspended, Terminated.
What is a Process Control Block (PCB)?
A data structure containing information about a process, such as process state, program counter, CPU registers, and I/O status.
What does the program counter in a PCB do?
Saves the address of the next instruction to be executed.
What is the role of CPU scheduling information in a PCB?
It contains details like process priority.
Name the types of storage managed by memory management.
Primary storage (on-CPU: registers, cache; off-CPU: RAM, ROM) and secondary storage (long-term storage).
What is virtual memory?
A strategy using hard drives to expand RAM capacity.
What is paging?
Dividing memory into pages and loading them into free frames in physical memory.
What is segmentation in memory management?
Dividing memory into segments based on program structure.
What is swapping in memory management?
Moving processes between primary and secondary storage.
