Operating Systems Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
What does the Operating System do?
A
Controls the computer from tart up to shutdown
manages resources including:
processor, memory, storage space, and connected devices
- provides a user interface
- Lets you customize user interface
2
Q
ROM stands for
A
Read Only Memory Chip
3
Q
POST
A
Power On Self Test
4
Q
RAM
A
Random Access Memory
5
Q
kernel
A
Core of OS
6
Q
if a device is slow to process output
A
computer uses buffer to temporarily hold memory
7
Q
spooling
A
placing data in a buffer so it can be used later
8
Q
ssd
A
solid state drive
9
Q
device driver
A
small program tells OS how to interact with a device. Each device must have a driver
10
Q
Plug and play
A
when you plug something in, the OS tries to find the correct driver on its own
11
Q
GUI
A
Graphical User Interface
Icon = small picture that represents program,
12
Q
button
A
graphic you click to make a selection
13
Q
sleep mode
A
aves open documents and programs in RMA
14
Q
Hibernation
A
saves open documents and programs on the hard drive
15
Q
resource
A
a component the OS requires to perform work
16
Q
Executable Files
A
Programs containing instructions telling your computer how to perform or execute specific tasks
17
Q
Data Files
A
Contains data that you can manipulate
18
Q
extension
A
a short identifier separated from the main part of the file name by a dot. reflects the file format
19
Q
Dock
A
Area in Mac OS X that displays icons for programs, files and folders
20
Q
Tile
A
Item you can add and move to customize the Windows Start Screen
21
Q
service pack
A
A collection of major operating system updates
22
Q
file management software
A
lets you copy, move, rename, and delete files and folders
23
Q
utility software
A
peroframs a specific, limited task, usually related to managing or maintaining a computer system
24
Q
are searches case sensitive?
A
no
25
volatile memory
is erased when a device loses power
26
nonvolatile memory
keeps its contents when a device loses power
27
cores
number help determine processor performance
28
benchmark
a test to determine processor speed
29
bus width is measured in
bits
30
cache
high-speed, easily accessible storage space used by the CPU
31
processor
a complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts
32
processor
a complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts
33
network
multiuser operating system because it controls a central computer that can support many users
34
personal or desktop operating system
operating systems installed on a single computer
35
unix
multipurpose operating system. can run on a desktop pc or a server
36
embedded operating system
electronic devices such as card readers use these
37
process
a program that runs in the background
38
native
a named collection of data on a storage medium such as a hard disk or usb flash drive
39
native
file format that an application can always open
40
file
a named collection of data on a storage medium
41
platform
operating system software
42
utility
widgets or gadgets are these types of programs
43
embedded operating system
built into device, meets a specific purpose, performs a single type of task
44
BIT is short for
Binary Digit
45
binary
Number system that consists of only two digits
46
gigabyte has how many bytes
1 billion
47
a byte consists of how many bits
8
48
coding scheme
examples are Unicode and ASCII
49
ROM
Read Only Memory. Memory permanently installed on system when computer is manufactured. contains BIOS "basic input output system"
ROM performs POST
50
RAM
stored on chips on a memory module. Small circuit board that slides into slot on motherboard. Most RAM is volatile
51
RAM capacity is measured in
gigabytes
52
firmware
instructions on ROM
53
programmable rom types
PROM. Can write code on it. Once programmed cannot be changed.
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory. Like PROM but can be reprogramed more than once
Flash Memory - can be electrically erased and reprogrammed
54
When an operating system employs ____ memory, it swaps files to the hard disk
virtual
55
When an operating system employs ____ memory, it swaps files to the hard disk
virtual
56
CPU is often called
microprocessor or process
57
performance of CPU is determined by
clock speed, bus speed, cache, cores
58
BUS
electronic channel that allows CPU and various devices in a computer to communicate. transfers data in mulitiple directions
59
Data Bus
transfers data
60
address bus
transfers location of information
61
bus width also called
word size. wider the bus, faster the info
62
cache
storage space for frequently or recently used data that is quick to access. Improves processor speed
63
Types of Cache
Level 1 and 2 - built into processor chip
| Level 3 - On a separate chip. slower
64
cycle
smallest unit of time a processor can measure
65
ALU
Performs arithmetic and logic functions in the CPU
| Arithmetic Logic Unit
66
Hard Disk
Magnetic or Solid state
| used to store operating system, software data
67
Hard Disk Exteneral
Magnetic or solid state
| Used to store Backups, Movies, music
68
Tape
Magnetic. Used to store backups
69
CDs DVDS Blu-ray
Optical Storage. Used to store software, movies, music
70
Cloud Storage
Magnetic Optical and / or Solid State
| Used to store backups, data shoring
71
Memory cards or flash drives
Solid State. Used to store Photos, Files to be transferred
72
Storage media uses 3 technologies
Magnetic, Solid State (non magnetic), Optical
73
Platteres
Use magnetized particles to store data as binary bits
74
Solid State Drives
more durable
75
F1
Function key used to display help in many programs
76
columns usually represented by
letters
77
rows usually represented by
numbers
78
intersection of a single row and column is a
cell
79
cell range
a group of cells
80
Name Box
The part of a worksheet that displays the cell address of the active cell
81
Label
Text that describes the contents of another cell or cells in a worksheet
82
transition
an action that occurs as you move from slide to slide in a presentation
83
you can use graphics software to work with two types of digital images
bitmap and vector
84
bitmap
based on pixels - short for picture elements. a bitmap assigns a color to each pixel in a graphic
85
vector
simple images like shapes, lines and diagrams, clip art images are usually stored as vector graphics. vector graphics use mathematical formulas instead of pixels
86
metafile
contains both vector and bitmap graphics
87
software
a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do
88
two types of software
system - controls a computer and its peripherals, such as keyboard and mouse
application - performs specific tasks
89
copyright
the legal right to copy, sell or modify
90
EULA
End User License Agreement
91
DRM
Digital Rights Management. technologies that include encryption to make digital content unreadable without a valid encryption key
92
Shrink wrap license
license agreement for packaged software, which is activated when you open the package
93
concurrent use license
license that lets you use a specified number of software copies at any given time
94
patch
replaces a small section of existing software code to correct a single issue or bug
95
service pack
a collection of corrections or fixes bundled into a single release
96
disk defragmenter
Reorganizes the data on a amagnetic hard drive so that you can access files more quickly
97
disk cleanup utility
Removes unused files like temporary internet files from your hard drive
98
absolute reference
a fixed cell location that never changes
99
dual-boot system
more than one operating system installed
100
dual-boot system
more than one operating system installed
101
to save a Microsoft office file to onedrive
Save as option in backstage view
102
black hat
serious harm
103
white hat
less serious harm
104
system image backup
restores files, applications, and settings to the computer
105
PCI
Sound Card
106
AGP
Graphics Card
107
USB
Mouse, printer, etc
108
VGA
Monitor
109
RJ-45
Network
110
RJ-45
Network
111
Why is RAM considered volatile?
It disappears when the computer is shut down or restarted
112
Which internal component performs calculations and logical operations?
Microprocessor
113
Do solid state drives have moving parts?
no
114
If you cannont access certain commands in the control panel, what is the most likely cause?
you do not have access rights to these commands
115
What determines the date and time settings on a computer that is not connected to a network?
a battery operated clock inside the computer
116
Where can the Magnifier be accessed through?
The Ease of Access Center
117
Before program source code can be used by a computer, it must be
compiled. changed into machine code which is an executable form
118
WHat does firmware refer to?
Built in software that controls how a device functions
119
What could cause an update to the operating system to fail 75% through the installation
You have insufficient hard disk space
120
Define Operating System
The software that supports a computer's basic functions. Executing applications and controlling peripherals
121
What manages hardware, programs, and files?
An operating system
122
Define application software
processes software for the user
123
What does BIOS stand for?
basic input output system. built into computers. first software run when turned on
124
accdb file
database file
125
avi file
video file
126
bmp file
image
127
csv file
spreadsheet
128
doc file
notepad
129
docx file
Microsoft word
130
flv file
video
131
mp4 file
video
132
one file
onenote
133
tiff file
graphics images
134
wmf file
graphics file
135
KB in Megabyte
1000
136
KB in Megabyte
1000
137
MB in GB
1000
138
GB in TB
1000
139
TB in Petabyte
1000
140
TCP/IP
Protocol for the communication of data using a local network or internet
141
Dynamic IP
number identifying a computer in a network that changes w hen reconnecting to a network
142
Fixed IP
number identifying a computer in a network that doesn't change with time
143
Private IP
IP address of a computer included in a local network at home or in an office
144
Public IP
an IP address that is used to remotely access the internet
145
routher
a device that connects a LAN to the internet
146
freeware license
usually includes a user license, allowing its redistribution, but with some restrictions. cannot be modified or sold
147
incremental backup
backs up all files that have changed since the lastbackup
148
CRM software
Customer Relationship Management
