Operating Systems Domain Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Keys to toggle the active language in Windows
A
Start + Space
2
Q
The biggest benefit of Microsoft Store apps
A
They run in a sandbox. They don’t even require admin privileges to install.
3
Q
What is Settings> Gaming> Game Mode in Windows used for?
A
It is used to toggle on and off the game mode setting which is used to suspend Windows Update, and prioritize graphics and frame rate over other software
4
Q
The 4 types of network adapters that can be configured in a Windows host
A
Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Cellular radio
VPN
5
Q
What modern settings app is used to:
- View network status
- Change IP address properties
- Access other tools
A
Network & Internet
6
Q
The Control Panel applet that shows basic network information and can be used to set up a new connection or network
A
Network and Sharing Center
7
Q
Control Panel applet used to configure settings for Microsoft’s Internet Explorer browser
A
Internet Options
8
Q
A Control Panel link to a folder of shortcuts to several advanced configuration consoles
A
Windows Tools (Windows 11)/Administrative Tools (Windows 10)
9
Q
MMC snap-in used to maintain disk performance by optimizing file storage patterns
A
Defragment and Optimize Drives
10
Q
MMC snap-in used to regain disk capacity by deleting unwanted files
A
Disk Cleanup
11
Q
MMC snap-in used to review system, security, and application logs
A
Event Viewer
12
Q
MMC snap-in used to view and edit security settings
A
Local Security Policy
13
Q
MMC snap-ins used to view and log performance statistics
A
Resource Monitor
And
Performance Monitoring
14
Q
MMC snap-in used to make manual edits to the database of Windows configuration settings
A
Registry Editor
15
Q
MMC snap-in used to start, stop, and pause processes running in the background
A
Services console
16
Q
MMC snap-in used to run software and scripts according to calendar or event triggers
A
Task Scheduler
17
Q
The default management console with multiple snap-ins to schedule tasks and configure local users and groups, disks, services, devices, and so on
A
Computer Management
18
Q
What will a computer do when it goes into a power-saving mode?
A
Either maintain a small amount of power to the memory modules or write the contents of memory to a hibernation file on disk
19
Q
What is hybrid sleep mode?
A
When a desktop creates a hibernation file and then goes into a standby state. It can also be configured to switch to the full hibernation state after a defined period.
20
Q
What does the standby power mode do?
A
Suspends to RAM, cutting power to most of the other devices
21
Q
What does the hibernate power mode do?
A
Suspends to disk, saving any opened but unsaved file data in memory to disk and then turning the computer off
22
Q
If you want to physically remove a device and remove its driver what must you do before unplugging the device?
A
Right-click the device and select Uninstall device
23
Q
What is a “drive” in Windows?
A
A volume that has been mapped to a letter
24
Q
Which Windows-created volumes are usually not assigned a drive letter?
A
- The system volume
- Recovery partitions
25
What Windows volume contains the files used to boot the OS?
The system volume
26
What Windows volume contains the OS files and is usually allocated the drive letter C:?
The boot volume
27
What volume contains tools to repair a damaged installation and/or return a computer to its factory state?
The recovery volume/partition
28
Performance can be impaired when a boot volume gets down to what percentage of free space?
20% free space
29
3 things that can damage SSDs
Impacts, overheating, and electrical issues
30
When should disk maintenance tools be run?
Regularly - at least once a month and before installing software applications
31
What does the Local Users and Groups consule provide?
An advanced interface for creating, modifying, disabling, deleting, and changing the password of user accounts
32
What does the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE database govern?
System-wide settings
33
What does the HKEY_Users database include?
Settings that apply to individual user profiles
34
What does the HKEY_CURRENT_USER include?
It contains settings for the logged in user. It is a subset of HKEY_USERS.
35
How can you copy portions of Windows registry to use on other computers?
In Registry Editor: File > Export Registry File
36
Where can you find a comprehensive report about a Windows system’s hardware and software components?
System Information (msinfo32.exe)
37
What are the 4 main Windows logs in Event Viewer?
- System
- Application
- Security
- Setup
38
What are the 5 severity levels of Event Viewer events?
- **Critical**. Often a process that has halted or stopped responding.
- **Error**.
- **Warning**. Could potentially lead to an error or critical condition if not remediated.
- **Information**. Noteworthy but not requiring remediation.
- **Audit Success/Failure**.
39
How can you see more information about an event in Event Viewer?
Double-click the event
40
What does running System Information/msinfo32.exe produce? (5 things specifically)
- An inventory of system resources
- firmware & OS versions
- driver file locations
- environment variables
- network status
- & more
41
What does Resource Monitor show?
Graphs of resource performance along with key statistics
42
What is a Service?
A Windows process that does not require any sort of user interaction & therefore runs in the background (without a window)
43
What two specific things is Performance Monitor used for?
- Viewing real-time charts of system resources
- Logging information to files called Data Collector Sets for long-term analysis
44
Performance Monitor counter logs collect what kind of information?
Statistics about resources such as memory, disk, & processor
45
Performance Monitor trace logs collect what kind of information?
Statistics about services, providing detailed reports about resource behavior
46
How do you actually use a saved log generated by Performance Monitor?
From the Reports folder, load the log into Performance Monitor or export it to another program
47
What is a memory leak?
When a process allocates memory but does not release it again
48
A sustained period of processor usage, greater or equal to what percentage can indicate a processor bottleneck?
85%
49
What is the System Configuration Utility used for?
To modify settings & files that affect the way the computer boots & loads Windows
50
How is Performance Monitor organized?
Resources such as memory & disk are collected into objects. Objects have counters that represent different performance statistics, & there can be multiple instances of the same type of object.
51
What does it mean if a system has a substantial number of page faults occurring?
The system is using the page file intensively & could benefit from more RAM being installed.
52
How can a Windows user set a program to run automatically when the computer boots up?
Put a shortcut to the program in the startup folder
53
What is the keyboard shortcut to open the Windows Run Dialogue box?
Win + Q + R
54
What must you do after adding snap-ins to MMC if you don’t want to have to add them all over again when you want to use them in the future?
Save the console by clicking file & save or save as
55
How do you open an elevated Command Prompt from the Instant Search box?
Type cmd then press CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER
56
How do you clear the screen in Command Prompt?
Use the **cls** command
57
What is an interactive command in Command Prompt?
A command that starts a program, from which point the prompt will only accept input relevant to the program
58
How do you exit an interactive CMD program?
Use the **exit** or **quit** command
59
System files
Files that are required for the operating system to function
60
3 things a patch or update could improve
- Reliability
- Security
- Performance
61
What happens if you don't activate Windows soon enough?
Some features will be disabled
62
When a computer is used for graphic design, what must you calibrate to ensure that colors match what the designer intends?
The monitor must be calibrated
63
The 2 disk initialization options
MBR & GPT
64
MMC snap-in used to change boot configuration
System Configuration Utility
65
6 key NTFS features
- Journaling
- Snapshots
- Security
- POSIX Compliance
- Indexing
- Dynamic Disks (not home editions)
66
What should you do after installing Windows using an internal hard drive partition for the installation media?
Set the internal HDD as the default boot device, and disable any other boot devices
67
2 big differences between MBR and GPT
- Max number of partitions
MBR = 4
GPT = 128
- Max partition size
MBR = 2 TB
68
MBR active partition
**A bootable partition**, i.e., one whose boot sector is populated with a record that points to an OS boot loader
69
Partition type used by macOS
APFS
Apple File System
70
Most common partition types used by (1) older & (2) newer Linux OSs
1. ext3
2. ext4
71
Recovery partition
Partition created by OEMs enabling the user to restore the system to its factory configuration
72
Windows refresh
**Recopies the system files & reverts most system settings to the default** but can preserve user personalization settings, data files, & apps installed via Windows Store. Desktop apps are removed.
73
Windows reset
Deletes the existing OS plus apps, settings, & data
74
Likely causes of Windows not loading the desktop following logon or not displaying the sign-in screen at all?
- Malware infection
- Corruption of drivers
- Corruption of other system files
75
WWAN
Network covering a large area using wireless technologies, such as cellular radio data network or line-of-site microwave transmission
76
Where proxy settings are configured in Windows
Network and Internet settings
77
Pathping
Windows utility for measuring latency and packet loss across an internetwork
78
How to type more than one command on a single line in Linux CLI
Place a ; between commands
79
How to show Linux CLI results a page at a time
I more
80
Common Linux text editor preferred by Windows users
Nano
81
Common Linux text editor preferred by administrators
vi or vim
82
Difference between “su” & “su -“
“Su” retains the user’s profile & variables & the shell stays in the user’s home directory
“Su -“ changes to the root user & launches a new shell under the context of root
83
Sudo
(Superuser do) Linux command that allows any account listed in the */etc/sudoers* file to run specified commands with superuser privilege
84
Packet manager & packet format used by Debian distributions
Advanced Packaging Tool (APT)
.deb
85
Packet manager & packet format used by Red Hat distributions
Yellow dog Updater, Modified (YUM)
.rpm
86
Linux command to show the current address configurations
IP addr
87
Samba
Linux SMB-compatible file sharing protocol
88
Built-in way to back up a Linux computer
Use the **cron** task scheduler and file copy scripts
89
cron job
Scheduled task that is managed by the Linux cron daemon
90
Minimum amount of available memory in a healthy system with no memory leak
10%
91
3 categories of potential impact on business from installation of new software
- Licensing
- Support
- Training
92
Basic syntax for scheduling a job using crontab
mm hh dd MM weekday command
93
Meaning of /2 in the Linux CLI
Every other
94
Shortcut to bring up Spotlight Search in MacOS
COMMAND+SPACE
95
Version of Terminal used in pre-Catalina Mac systems
Bash
96
Version of Terminal used in Catalina & newer Mac systems
Z shell (zsh)
97
Shortcut to activate Mission Control in MacOS
F3
98
3 ways to switch between desktops in MacOS
- F3 then choose a desktop
- CONTROL+LEFTorRIGHT
- 3 or 4 finger swipe gesture
99
MacOS app for changing settings, network options & OS configurations including input devices
System Preferences
100
ps command
Linux command for retrieving process information
101
BCD
Boot Configuration Data
Information about operating systems installed on the computer located in \boot\bcd on the system partition
102
DMG
Disk Image
MacOS package installer format for simple installs
103
PKG
MacOS package installer format used when setup needs to *perform a service* or its contents need to be *copied to multiple folders*
104
How to uninstall an app in MacOs
Use Finder to delete the .APP directory or drag it to the Trash from there or the applications folder
105
Time Machine default backups
- Hourly for the past 24 hours
- Daily for the past month
- Weekly for all previous months
106
How to open Force Quit in Apple OS
Select it in the **Apple menu** or press **COMMAND+OPTION+ESC**
107
How to access the Recovery menu in a Mac
While powering it up, hold down the COMMAND+R keys until you see the Apple logo
108
MacOS equivalent of File Explorer
Finder
109
True or false: Linux terminal commands are case-sensitive
True
110
Linux cat command
Returns the contents of the files listed as arguments
111
Linux find command & syntax
Used to search for files
Syntax: find *path expression*
112
Linux grep command
Used to search & filter the contents of files
113
\ in Linux CLI
Escapes the next character
114
Escaping in Linux CLI
Treats a metacharacter as a literal character
115
‘ ‘ in Linux CLI
Performs strong escaping, treating everything within the quotes as literal
116
“ “ in Linux CLI
**Performs weak escaping**, escaping metacharacters but expanding variables & allowing command substitution
117
rm command in Linux CLI
Used to delete files
118
chmod in Linux CLI
Used for managing file permissions
119
chown in Linux CLI
Used for managing the account owner for files and directories
120
ps in Linux CLI
**Invokes the process table**, a record that summarizes the current running processes on a system
121
apt-get in Linux CLI
A package management tool for installing & updating software
122
dig in Linux CLI & syntax
Utility to query a DNS server & return information about a particular domain name or resource record.
Syntax: dig *domainame*
123
top in Linux CLI
Interactive command for monitoring process information
124
UNC
Universal Naming Convention
Starts with a double backslash followed by a server or host name, then a single backslash, followed by the resource
\ \ server \ share
125
Net use
Command that connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections.
The command also controls persistent net connections. Used without parameters, net use retrieves a list of network connections.
126
Environment variables
CLI phrases that point to system-wide functions
127
net share <*share name*> /delete
Command to stop sharing a folder
128
3 features of Windows 10 Pro for Workstations
- Supports up to 4 CPUs
- Supports up to 6 TB RAM
- Support for ReFS
129
4 Features of Windows 10 Enterprise
- Volume licensing
- AppLocker
- BranchCache
- Granular User Experience (UX) control
130
BranchCache
Remote site file caching
131
Max number of processors, supported by windows Home, Pro, Workstation, and Enterprise
1, 2, 4, & 2
132
7 tabs in Internet Options
General
Security
Privacy
Content [only in some versions]
Connections
Programs
Advanced
133
Max number RAM supported by Windows Home, Pro, Workstation, and Enterprise
128 Gb, 2TB, 6, & 6
134
Max number RAM supported by Windows 10 Home, Pro, Workstation, and Enterprise
128 Gb, 2TB, 6, & 6
135
Information needed to connect a PC using Remote Desktop
The name under “how to connect this PC“ when Remote Desktop was enabled
136
dir switch:
a
Attributes
137
dir switch:
o
Display order
138
dir switch:
l
Unsorted & lowercase formatted results
139
dir switch:
s
Recursively search through current & subdirectories
140
dir switch:
t
time order
141
dir switch:
p
Displays 1 page at a time
142
dir switch:
q
Shows file ownership
143
cd ..
Changes to the directory that is up 1 level
144
cd \
Changes to the root of the drive
145
Windows 10 (32 & 64-bit) minimum processor speed
32: 1 GHz
64: 1 GHz
146
Windows 10 (32 & 64-bit) minimum memory
32: 1 GB
64: 2 GB
147
Windows 10 (32 & 64-bit) minimum hard disk space
32: 16 GB
64: 20 GB
148
Windows 10 (32 & 64-bit) minimum graphics card
32: DirectX 9 with WDDM 1.0 driver
64: DirectX 9 with WDDM 1.0 driver
149
Windows 10 32 & 64-bit minimum:
Display
32: 800 x 600
64: 800 x 600
