Operating Systems Fundamentals Lesson 2

Question 1

What type of user interface did IBM PCs running MS-DOS have?

Answer 1

Command Line

Question 2

In the OS boot procedure, which step occurs after the CPU starts?

Answer 2

The CPU executes the firmware startup routines

Question 3

Which feature of modern CPUs help prevent user applications from accessing memory used by the operating system or other processes?

Answer 3

memory manager

Question 4

The code that exchanges information with hardware devices is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 4

device driver

Question 5

Which of the following is created by a device to get the CPU’s attention when a device has input or output data that is ready to process?

Answer 5

interrupt

Question 6

Which type of modern computer system is most likely to run a single-tasking OS?

Answer 6

embedded system

Question 7

Which of the following features is the least likely to be installed on a computer in which the primary role it will play in the network is a client?

Answer 7

clustering

Question 8

Where is the UEFI most likely to be stored on a modern computer?

Answer 8

flash memory

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT require a device driver to be installed in the OS?

Answer 9

installing additional RAM

Question 10

Where is the BIOS configuration data stored?

Answer 10

CMOS

Question 11

Which computer is most likely to run a cooperative multitasking operating system?

Answer 11

a 16-bit desktop computer built in 1992

Question 12

Which OS component performs the job of managing interrupt handlers and device drivers?

Answer 12

kernel

Question 13

You are testing out a new multitasking operating system. In your testing, you find that some applications are not getting sufficient CPU time while other applications are getting more than enough CPU time. Which component is responsible for determining how much CPU time each application gets?

Answer 13

kernel

Question 14

Which type of computing device is designed to perform a specific task such as controlling a refrigerator, and has less than 64 KB of RAM?

Answer 14

embedded system

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the tasks performed by a computer’s BIOS?

Answer 15

POST

Question 16

On a preemptive multitasking system, what event can occur to preempt a running process and allow a new process to get control of the CPU?

Answer 16

TIME SLICE EXPIRATION

Question 17

Which of the following is a service most likely provided by a server OS?

Answer 17

directory service

Question 18

You are a computer consultant called in to a manufacturing plant. The plant engineer needs a system to control their assembly line that includes robotic arms and conveyors. Many sensors are used and precise timing is required to manufacture the product. Of the following choices, which OS would you recommend to be used on the computing system that controls the assembly line and why?

Answer 18

LynxOS because it is an RTOS

Question 19

You are listening to music on an old smartphone and you switch to the web browser app which causes your music to stop playing. What type of OS is most likely installed on the smartphone?

Answer 19

single-tasking

Question 20

Which of the following is a program that runs in the background and does not have a user interface?

Answer 20

Service

Question 21

What is a computer and their tasks?

Answer 21

A computer is a machine that can perform certain tasks:
–Stores data
–Interacts with devices
–Executes programs

Question 22

OPERATING SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS

Answer 22

A computer’s functions and features can be broken down into three basic tasks
all computers perform:
− Input
− Processing
− Output
• The functions above involve some type of computer hardware
− But the hardware is controlled and coordinated by the operating system (OS)

Question 23

What is an OS?

Answer 23

An OS is a specialized computer program that provides store management, user interface, process and service management.

Question 24

What is user interface?

Answer 24

User interface – the user interface provides a method for users to interact
with the computer

Question 25

What is Storage management?

Answer 25

the file system is a method by which an OS stores and organizes files and manages access to files

Question 26

what is a process and a service?

Answer 26

A process is a program that’s loaded into memory and run by the CPU; a service is a type of process that runs in the background

Question 27

What is a Memory and I/O management ?

Answer 27

The OS must determine if sufficient memory exists to load an application and where in memory it should be loaded The OS also ensures that I/O devices such as USB ports and video cards are accessed by only one process at a time

Question 28

What is Security and resource protection ?

Answer 28

OSs used on business systems provide methods for securing access to resources

Question 29

What is the Kernel ?

Answer 29

The kernel is the heart of the OS and runs with the highest priority

Question 30

What is A single-tasking operating system?

Answer 30

can execute only a single process at a time − Apple’s iOS 3 (and earlier versions) are examples − An embedded system is a computing device designed for a specific task and uses a single-tasking OS

Question 31

What is a multitasking operating system?

Answer 31

quickly switches between all the processes that are loaded into memory and scheduled to run

Question 32

What are the two general types of multitasking:

Answer 32

Cooperative multitasking

Question 33

What is the cooperative multitasking?

Answer 33

the OS gives CPU control to a process and waits for it to terminate or enter a waiting state  If the program does not give control back to the OS, it may hog the CPU until its operations are complete  No other program can run until control is given back to the OS  Found in early Windows versions

Question 34

What is the Preemptive multitasking?

Answer 34

Preemptive multitasking – the OS is in control of the computer at all times  The running process can be replaced with another process at any time based on a system interrupt, a higher-priority task requiring the CPU, or the time-slice timer expiring  The OS has control over how much of the computer’s resources are allocated to each program  Computers must use more of their CPU and memory to support the OS, but the behavior of the computer is more predictable  The user can play music while working in documents and Web browsers

Question 35

What is a single-user operating system ?

Answer 35

A single-user operating system allows only one user at a time to interact with the OS user interface, start processes, make system configuration changes, and interact directly with the file system − Windows 10 and earlier Windows client versions are arguably single-user systems

Question 36

What is a multiuser operating system?

Answer 36

allows multiple users to sign in to it, start and stop processes, interact with the user interface, and access the local file system − Linux/UNIX OSs have always supported multiple users, and Windows Server versions also allow multiple users through Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Question 37

What is a general-purpose operating system?

Answer 37

is designed to provide a convenient user interface and run applications in a home or business environment with reasonable performance.

Question 38

What is a real-time operating system (RTOS)?

Answer 38

is designed to process inputs and produce outputs in a very specific and repeatable amount of time.

Question 39

What is a r eal-time systems?

Answer 39

perform tasks like controlling assembly-line robotic systems, controlling FedEx sorting facilities, managing the electrical grid, etc.

Question 40

Components of real-time systems?

Answer 40

are called deterministic because it is possible to determine the worst-case response times under a given set of conditions.

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of a client operating system?

Answer 41

is to run applications requested by a user and request data from network servers as necessary − Client OSs are usually installed on desktop or laptop computers and mobile devices and use a graphical user interface (GUI) − Client OSs usually include client versions of many network applications  For example, Windows 10 comes with Client for Microsoft Networks for accessing shared files and printers − Most client OSs are performance-tuned for running foreground applications (user applications) instead of background services

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of a server operating system?

Answer 42

is to share network resources and provide network services to clients * Examples of server OSs include Windows Server, macOS Server, UNIX, and many Linux distributions * Server OSs usually come with a DHCP server, a DNS server, a file server protocol, a Web server, and perhaps a directory service such as Microsoft’s Active Directory

Question 43

What is Fault tolerance?

Answer 43

is the ability of a system to recover from a hardware or software failure.

Question 44

What is a a server clustering?

Answer 44

A server OS typically supports clustering, which is the ability of two or more servers to act as one

Question 45

What is a load-sharing cluster?

Answer 45

has two or more servers that alternate in taking client requests − Many servers also support hot swapping of components such as hard disks, memory, or even processors so that if a computer fails, a new component can be swapped. − For scalability: some servers support hot adding of components so that more storage, RAM, or processors can be added while the system is running