Operating theatre practice Flashcards by Abi Clark

Aims of the Operating Theatre

To provide an area that is
free from infectious
organisms

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Operating Theatre Design Principles

End room
Sufficient size
Ease of movement without contamination
Easily Cleaned
One way movement of personnel
Separation between clean
and contaminated areas
Designated for specific
types of surgery

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Patient Preparation Area

Induce anaesthesia
Preoperative preparation of
surgical site
Placement of intravenous
catheter
Catheterisation of bladder

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Mobile overhead theatre lights bulb types

Halogen bulbs - prevent shadows

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Theatre Ambient temperature

15-20 degrees

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Operating Theatre Ventilation

Positive pressure ventilation

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Changes in air ventilation hourly (operating theatre)

20 air changes per hour

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Surgery classification ‘Clean surgery’

Does not enter any contaminated viscus
No break in sterile technique

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Surgery classification Clean- contaminated

Enters the oropharynx, respiratory, alimentary or urogenital tracts.
No other source of contamination

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Contaminated surgery

Major spill of contaminated material at surgery, or a
break in sterile technique, or entry into a viscus with a
high bacterial load e.g. colon

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Infected surgery

Surgical site is known to be already infected

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Dirty procedure

Removal of ulcerated mammary strip
Enema
Pyometra
Aural surgery
Abscesses, Old wounds
Removal of necrotic
tissue

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Clean contaminated surgery

Bitch spay
Lung lobectomy
Gastrotomy
Tracheotomy

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Clean

Neutering
Uncomplicated hernias
Tibial fracture fixation
Lipoma removal
Spinal surgery

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Diathermy

Used for blood vessels coagulation
or cutting tissues

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Two types of Diathermy

Monopolar- needs earthing plate
Bipolar

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Tourniquets length of use

15min

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What is an Esmarch bandage?

Drains the limb of blood first

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Types of Suction Tip

Frazier-Used for fine delicate
suction
Yankauer- Bulb at the end
(reduce trauma/maximum visibility)
Poole- removed pooled blood

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Charcoal adsorbers
should be weighed

every morning

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Cryosurgery?

Kills living tissue by freezing them
* Liquid nitrogen
* N2O

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Stainless Steel facts

Material of choice
Resistant
Strong

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Stainless Steel
* Martensitic
* Austenitic

Martensitic
* ‘Cutlery Stainless Steel’
* High carbon steel with chromium
Austenitic
* ‘Marine Grade Steel’
* With chromium, nickel and molybdenum

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Stainless steel can have
the following finishes

Satin
Mirror
Ebony

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Tungsten Carbide identification

Gold handles

Chromium-Plated Carbon Steel

highly polished surface

Titanium

Orthodpaedic plates/implants Ophthalmic instruments (Less glare)

Vitallium

Mostly used in dentistry

Stainless steel bone plate should not be held in place with

Vitallium screws due to electrolytic and chemical reactions

Unused packs of instruments should be repacked and re-sterilised after

12 weeks

Unused double packed instruments should be repacked and re-sterilised

6 months

Decontamination Cycle

Cleaning Disinfection Inspection Lubrication Packing Sterilisation Storage Use

Types of forceps

Dressing Tissue Artery

Artery Forceps examples

* Spencer wells * Kelly * Rochester * Cairns * Halsted mosquito (smallest)

Tissue Forceps examples

* Allis * Babcock * Sponge holding * Duval

Dissecting Forceps examples

* Standard * Adsons * Emmett * Debakey

Rat-tooth Forceps examples

* Standard * Treves * Lane

Scissors

* Standard * Treves * Lane

Visceral Clamps

* Doyen * Parker-Kerr * Mayo-Robson

Towel Clips examples

* Cross action * Jones cross action * Backhaus

Blade holders Size 3 handle:

10, 11, 12, 15 blade

Blade holders Size 4 handle

20, 21, 22 blade

Beaver handle?

very small blade, ophthalmic work

Handheld Retractors examples

* Langenbeck * Hohmann * Volkmann * Czerny * Senn

Self-retaining Retractors examples

* Gelpi * Wests * Travers * Gossett * Balfour

Needle Holders

* Gillies * Mayo Hegar * McPhail * Olsen Hegar * Bruce Clarke

Speculums examples

* Eyelid * Vaginal

Rongeurs are used for

For bone nibbling procedures

Bone Curette are used for

Remove loose of degenerate tissue and Cancellous bone (grafts)

Venables Plate holes

round

Sherman Plate

squiggly plate

Dynamic compression plate holes

oval shaped

Self-tapping Screws identification

Slotted heads Two notches at the screw tip

Pre-tapped Screws (AO type)

Hexagonal head

The A/O ASIF System

methods of fracture repair

Tensile Strength

Knot Security

Stiffness and Elongation

Memory

Chatter

Tissue Drag

Capillarity

Autoclaving is satisfactory for which suture materials (no more than 3 x )

Nylon Polypropylene Polyester

Steam sterilisation should not be used on...?

absorbable suture materials

sterilisation method safe for all sutures

Ethylene Oxide

Natural absorbables are broken down by?

Phagocytosis

Synthetic absorbables are broken down by...?

hydrolysis

How many days can it take absorbable suture material to lose tensile strength

60 days

What does half life refer to?????

Tensile strength

Where is non Non-Absorbable sutures usually used

skin

Metric - smallest to largest

0.2 - 8

USP smallest to largest

10/0 - 6

Catgut smallest to largest

8/0 - 4

atraumatic needles AKA

swagged

Round bodies needles are best for

Slide through body tissues, dilates rather than cutting them

Cutting needles are best for

cuts rather than dilate: skin and tough tissues

Taper-cutting needles are best for

Ideal for tough or calcified tissues: Cardiac and vascular procedures

Reverse cutting needles are best for

skin

Suture Patterns Apposing

Sutures bring the tissues in direct apposition

Suture Patterns Everting

Sutures turn wound edges outwards

Suture Patterns Inverting

Sutures turn tissue inwards

Operating theatre practice Flashcards

(81 cards)