VNSA15

Question 1

How many people need to confirm Telephone consent

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Legal age of financial contract in England and Wales

Answer 2

18

Question 3

Legal age of financial contract in Scotland

Answer 3

16

Question 4

Age of legal medical consent

Answer 4

16

Question 5

Why do we withhold Food and Fluids

Answer 5

• Regurgitation
• Pulmonary acid aspiration syndrome
• Reduced lung expansion

Question 6

Starvation periods
* Cats, dogs and ferrets
* Rabbits
* Guinea pigs
* Small rodents
* Birds
* Reptiles

Answer 6

Cats dogs ferrets - 3 – 6 hours
Rabbits/G-Pigs/Small rodents- no starvation
Birds-
Reptiles-

Question 7

Maximum time for
clipping for surgery?

Answer 7

24 hours

Question 8

Agent used when scrubbing pre surgery

Answer 8

Agent that contain both antiseptic and detergent
eg. povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine

Question 9

Properties of Chlorhexidine

Answer 9

• Effective against many bacteria.
• Viricidal
• Fungicidal
• Sporicidal properties
• Effective level of activity in presence of
  organic material
• active: Up to 6 hours
• Low toxicity to tissue

Question 10

Properties of providine- Iodine

Answer 10

• Iodine combined with a detergent
• Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity
• Can cause severe skin reactions &irritation
• Greater contact time required

Question 11

Ratio of iodine to clean around and on the eye

Answer 11

1:100
1:50

Question 12

Chlorhexidine ratio

Answer 12

50:50

Question 13

Chlorhexidine Ratio for vulva/prepuce

Answer 13

1:50

Question 14

Suture dehiscence?

Answer 14

partial or total separation of wound edges,

Question 15

Hypostatic pneumonia

Answer 15

collection of fluid of the lungs

Question 16

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 16

tumour produces chemicals that manafests a group of rare disorders

Question 17

3 types of Hernias

Answer 17

• Diaphragmatic
• Umbilical/inguinal
• Perineal

Question 18

Osteomyelitis

Answer 18

inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection

Question 19

Paresis

Answer 19

partial paralysis, muscle weakness due to nerve damage
or disease

Question 20

Paralysis

Answer 20

Complete or partial loss of muscle
function

Question 21

hemilaminectomy

Answer 21

Spinal surgery

Question 22

hypovolaemia

Answer 22

Low BP

Question 23

Signs of Ileus

Answer 23

*Absence or reduction of faeces
*Abdominal pain
*Vomiting
*Anorexia
*Gas retention

Question 24

Signs of Internal haemorrhage?

Answer 24

*Haemoabdomen
*Tachycardia
*Pale mm
*Cool extremities

Question 25

signs of Peritonitis? Inflammation of the peritoneum – serous lining of the abdominal wall

Answer 25

* Persistent inappetence * Abdominal pain * Vomiting * Pyrexia * Abdominal distension * Signs within 3-5days

Question 26

(ADD) in rabbits?

Answer 26

Acquired dental Disease

Question 27

During anaesthesia, puppies and kittens are at risk of

Answer 27

Hypothermia

Question 28

Immediate Post-operative Aims

Answer 28

* Reduce mortality * promote recovery * Improve wound healing * Provide analgesia * Return to normal function * Avoid infection * Meet nutritional demands * Reduce post-op complications * Reduce morbidity

Question 29

What is shock?

Answer 29

Acute circulatory collapse Insufficient oxygen getting to tissues.

Question 30

Body water percentage

Answer 30

60% water

Question 31

Intracellular Fluid Extracellular fluid (percentages)

Answer 31

ICF (40%) ECF (20%)

Question 32

Extracellular fluids and percentages

Answer 32

Interstitial (15%) Intravascular (5%) Transcellular (<1%)

Question 33

Shock effects the cells

Answer 33

1. Inadequate supply of O2 2. Inadequate supply of nutrients 3. Inadequate removal of metabolic waste -> abnormal cell function

Question 34

Hypovolaemic Shock signs

Answer 34

* Tachycardia * Prolonged CRT * Pale MM * Poor pulse quality * Low blood pressure

Question 35

Different types of Distributive Shock

Answer 35

1. Neurogenic shock 2. Anaphylactic shock 3. Endotoxic shock

Question 36

Distributive shock symptoms

Answer 36

* Tachycardia * Poor pulse quality * Red mm – as peripheral vasodilation * CRT initially will be rapid

Question 37

Cardiogenic shock symptoms

Answer 37

* Heart murmur * Irregular pulses * Tachycardia or bradycardia

Question 38

Obstructive Shock?

Answer 38

Caused by an obstruction of the blood flow through the heart or back to the heart

Question 39

Types of Crystalloids

Answer 39

* Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic

Question 40

* Isotonic crystalloids are used for?

Answer 40

* Replacement fluids * Electrolytes similar to ECF

Question 41

What does Hypertonic saline do?

Answer 41

Draws fluid out the cells into the extracellular space to expand plasma volume

Question 42

Colloids

Answer 42

Contains molecules with a large molecular weight Cannot leave vascular system

Question 43

Hyperperfusion signs

Answer 43

* Tissue oedema * Chemosis – oedema of conjunctiva * Pulmonary oedema * Rales, dyspnoea, moist cough, tachypnoea *Nasal discharge * Lethargy

Question 44

Health issues that may be contra-indicated with Fluid Therapy

Answer 44

Patients with lung pathology Increased intracranial pressure Paediatrics

Question 45

DefineSPECIFIC GRAVITY

Answer 45

density of fluid

Question 46

HYPERTONIC

Answer 46

Solution of higher osmolarity than that of the fluids of the body

Question 47

pH

Answer 47

Per hydrogen

Question 48

ELECTROLYTE

Answer 48

Ions

Question 49

OEDEMA

Answer 49

Excess fluid in the body tissues

Question 50

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is greatest

Answer 50

at arteriole end (filtration)

Question 51

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is lowest at which end of a blood vessel

Answer 51

at venule end (reabsorption)

Question 52

cations

Answer 52

Sodium Calcium Potassium Magnesium

Question 53

Anions

Answer 53

Chloride Bicarbonate Phosphate

Question 54

Calculation for Insensible/ Inevitable loss

Answer 54

* 20ml/kg/24 hrs

Question 55

Urinary loss calculations

Answer 55

* 24-48ml/kg/24 hrs

Question 56

Faecal loses

Answer 56

* 10-20ml/kg/24 hrs

Question 57

Angiotensin does what

Answer 57

vasoconstriction

Question 58

Aldosterone does what?

Answer 58

Increases sodium (Na) retention which increases water reabsorption

Question 59

Renin activates

Answer 59

Aldosterone