Operations Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
Whats a legislations
A
When the goverment introduced laws/ legislation over the year to protect workers from poor empyee practise
2
Q
Name the legislations you need to now for higher
A
- the equality act 2010
- health and safety at work act 1974
- national minimum wage regulations
- national living wage regulations
3
Q
What is the equality act 2010
A
This is aimed to prevent discrimination against different protected characteristics (e.g gender, age, sexuality etc)
4
Q
What can impact the business due to the equality’s impact
A
- employee training
- requirement process
- policy’s, procedures and monitoring
- investigations of accustom
- protection
- accessibility
5
Q
Name a type of discrimination
A
- direct discrimination
- discrimination by association
- discrimination by perception
- indirect discrimination
- harassment
- victimisation
6
Q
What is the health and safety work act 1974
A
A legislation that aims to raise the standard of health and safety for all people at work and also the public
7
Q
Whats the employers duty’s for the health and safety act
A
- provide h&s training
- provide necessary equipment
- provide toilets and clean drinking water
- have safety checks
- deal with hazards properly
- ensure equipment is working and not a danger
8
Q
Whats the empyee duty’s regarding the health and safety act
A
- comply with training
- take care of themselves and others
- report and accidents or hazards that occur
9
Q
How can the health and safety act impact a business
A
- safety equipment
- legal action
- compositations
- closure
- training
10
Q
Whats the national minimum wage act 1988
A
The lowest amount of pay a person can receive per hour is they are under the age of 24. There rates vary according the the age and price changes every April
11
Q
Whats the national living wage
A
All employees over 24 must be paid a living wage. This is when an hourly rate is calculated to the cost of living
12
Q
Whats the impact of the national living wage
A
- backdated payments
- reduction in staff
- reputation
- legal action
- increase costs
13
Q
What is the inventory control chart used for
A
To show when a bussness SHOULD re- order stock, the max and min of stock they SHOULD have
14
Q
Whats the issue with overstocking
A
- high cost with storage, security and insurance
- inventory could become out of date of fashion
- to much money tied up in stock means it can’t be invested on other areas of the business
- harder to manage larger stock levels meaning more vulnerable to theft
15
Q
Whats the issue with understocking
A
- damaged reputations of orders aren’t fulfilled
- customers go to competitors
- production stop due to lack of stock
- increase ordering cost (no bulk buying discount)
- unable to meet customers demands
16
Q
What is just in time (JIT)
A
When a business holds no stock and instead relies on delivery to arrive exactly when they are needed
17
Q
Whats a pro of using just in time method
A
- no money tied up in stock meaning it can be used elsewhere
- less storage space means reduces costs
- reduces wastage as there is less of a risk of stock becoming out of date/ fashion
- easier to monitors stock levels meaning there is less a risk of theft
18
Q
Whats a con of using the just in time method?
A
- if delay occur production will have to stop
- loss on economy of scale as fever bulk buying is required
- stock delivery’s repeatedly means increase in delivery costs
- increase carbon footprint witch can damage the image of the business
19
Q
Whats the difference between being ethical and being environmental
A
Being ETHICAL means to respect laws, people and the local area
Being ENVIRONMENTAL means to respect the environment
20
Q
Whats a way a business can be environmental
A
- try to minimise waste and recycle
- minimise packaging
- prevent pollution and contamination
- be sustainable (e.g use solar power)
- use energy saving strategy’s
- use renewable energy
21
Q
Whats a benefit of being environmental in a business operations
A
- gain a good reputation and possible recognition (rewards)
- wastage cost reduced as minimising waste means getting the most out of the raw goods
- creates a competitive advantage
- rentable energy saves cost in the long run
- plays a part in helping the environment
22
Q
Whats a cost of a bussness having an environmental operation
A
- exspensive to purchase eco- friendly alternative
- some products may require more packaging to be safely delivered
- not all products can be recycled
- new procedures may need to be adapted
- training on appropriate waste disposal can be expensive
23
Q
How can a bussness be ethical in there practises
A
- buy raw goods from farms with good safety standard
- follow working and pay guidance from employees
- think about the local community
24
Q
Whats a benefit of a bussness being ethical
A
- can obtain a good reputation and possible recognition (awards)
- can attract customers and staff to the organisation
- some customers may be prepared to pay more for ethically produced goods
25
Whats a cost of being ethical
- audits are needed to ensure standards are met and maintained
- decision makings can become complex
- production may be more exspensive
- limits choice of supplier
26
Name the methods of production
- job production
- batch production
- flow production
27
What is centralised storage
When a company chooses 1 central location to store all its stock for the organisation
28
Whats a pro of centralised storage
- suppliers are delivered to 1 place reducing delivery costs
- economy’s of scale are gained due to bulk buying
- specialists staff can be employed to manage inventory witch can be used to help reduce waiste and theft
- standard procedures can be implemented
- reduces duplication of stock and admission cost
29
Whats a con of centralised storage
- high cost due to specialist equipment and large storage facilities
- may increase delivery time and delays receiving stock to departments
- increase wage costs as specialist staff requirements to manager storage and distribution of stock
- harder to meat requirements of specialist departments within the company
- storage large amount of stock may increase chance of waste
30
What is de- centralised storage
This is when each department within the organisation is responsible for ordering and storing there own stock
31
Whats a pro of de- centralised storage
- inventory is accessible so no delay in receiving required goods
- small amounts of stock can be held preventing waste
- departments are more responsive to local needs and changes in the market
32
Whats a con of de-centralised storage
- increase delivery costs due to lower amount of inventory being delivered to multiple locations
- security may not be as effective leading to increase theft
- no specialist staff dealing with stock may lead to disorganisation and delays
33
Whats labour intensive production
Involves humans doing most of the work, human creativity is sometimes required to make the finished product
34
Whats a pro of labour intensive production
- employees are motivated as they not ‘giving up’ there jobs to machines
- there’s always a supply of labour available
- customised products are easier to make
- cheaper than purchasing and maintaining equipment
- employees can used there invitation when required
35
Whats a con of labour intensive production
- humans have to be paid
- high risk of human error resulting in waste, falsity products and unhappy customers
- the accuracy and the quality of work can vary
- skilled worker take time to train
- costs money to recruits and select training new emplyees
36
What is capital intensive production
Products are primarily produced using machines, equipment or tech
37
Whats a pro of capital intensive production
- Maschine es can carry out dangerous tasks reducing accidents
- machines can produce a consistent and standard actuate quality of work
- products can be produced in large quality’s
- less employees means lower lagers costs
- economy’s of scale can be achieved through bulk buying
- machines work 24/7 and don’t require brakes
38
Whats a con of capital intensive production
- breakdowns can occur witch can be exspensive to repair and if deadlines are missed it can create more issues
- emplyees can become board of repetition task that might need to be carried out
- individual customer requirements can’t be met
-initial set up cost can be high
39
What does automation mean
Refers to being fully automatic
40
What is mechanisation
Refers to labour and machines working together
41
What can influence and organisations choice on the methods of production
- tech availability
- finance available
- cost of labour
- skills of the workforce
- quantity of good required
42
Name a method of ensuring quality
- quality ensurance
- quality control
- quality management
- use of ‘quality’ inputs
43
Whats quality control
This is when products are inspected at the end of the production process
44
Whats a pro of using quality control
- less time consuming than other methods
- prevents defective products from getting into the market
45
Whats a con of quality control
- only detects deflects not prevent it
- can lead to lots of waste
- can be exspensive process if errors are made regularly
46
What is quality assurance
- when a product is checked at every stage of the production process
47
Whats a pro of using quality assurance
- small errors in the production process are spotted quickly
- reduces wastage
48
Whats a con of using quality assurance
- can be expensive to check at every stage of production
49
What is quality management
It aimed to have no defects reaching the customer; that the products is perfect every time
50
Whats a pro of quality management
- products consistency’s minimises waste
- more thorough than quality control
- employees work together- good team work can lead to motivation
- quality is ‘built in’ to the process
51
Whats a con of quality management
- high staff training costs
- requires commitment from everyone in the business
- quality procedures need to be written
- production might be slow due to the consistent checking
52
What is quality inputs
These are Things used in the production process
- high quality materials
- employees recruited for there still/work well together
- high quality machines are used and maintained
53
What is quality circles
People who meet regularly to discuss and resolve problems
54
Whats benchmarking
Comparing performance and quality to set quality levels
55
Whats a pro of benchmarking
- identify best practises in the market witch will improve performance if there methods are adopted
- provided a goal witch can increase employee motivation
- can make the organisation more competitive in there market
56
Whats a con of benchmarking
- may be difficult to gather required info from competitors
- can be time consuming to study techniques used by other companies
- internal factors may prevent the adoption of competition practises
- the company/ product will only be good as the benchmark set
57
Whats a mystery shopper?
They are hired by a company, they will use the company’s products/ services and then report and give feedback on there experience
58
Whats a pro of mystery shoppers
- no bias
- valuable feedback witch is lost when customers decide not to return
- they can suggest improvements
59
Whats a con of mystery shoppers
- staff may resent the mystery shopper
- they may not be representative of the whole company
- allowance have to be made for human error
- business need to pay the mystery shoppers
60
What is quality standards and symbols
Quality standards that are rewarded when an organisations meets a particular specification
61
Whats a con of using quality standards and symbols
- can be time consuming to follow all the checks and audits
62
Whats a pro of using quality standards and symbols
- encourages repeat purchases and customer loyalty
- can charge a higher price for product that meet the quality standards
- can give a competitive advantage as symbols can be used as a promotional tool
63
What are the 8 principles of quality management
- involvment with people
- leadership
- customer focus
- process approach
- involvment with people
- system approach
- supplier relationship
- factual approach
64
What tech can be used in operations
- internet
- emails
- GPS
- computer aided design CAD
- computer aided manufacturing CAM
- database
- EPOS
65
Whats a pro of using CAD
- more accurate design can be created witch can help to reduce wastage
- amendments can be made more easily witch saves time and money
- customers has a 3d visual witch can help to make them more confident into making the purchase
66
Whats a con of using CAD
- tech can be exspensive to purchase and maintain
- employees need to be trained to use tech witch can be time consiming
- the tech can be costly to repair
67
Whats a pro of using CAM
- will reduce the risk of human error
- allows a bussness to save money on labour costs
- can operate 24/7 witch can improve the productivity of a business
68
Whats a con of CAM
- exspesive to install
- employees need to be trained on how to use it
- can brake down witch stops production and is costly to fix
69
What is market orientated approach
A marketing orientated approach means a business reacts to what customers want. The decisions taken are based around information about customers' needs and wants, rather than what the business thinks is right for the customer. Most successful businesses take a market-orientated approach.
70
Whats product orientation approach
A product orientated approach means the business develops products based on what it is good at making or doing, rather than what a customer wants. This approach is usually criticised because it often leads to unsuccessful products - particularly in well-established markets.
71
What is market led
Market led is when a bussness finds out what the customer wants through intensive market research and then creates a product that will satisfy those wants and needs
Market led organisations are:
- very customer focused
- more responsive to changes in the market
- reliant on market research to inform there product development
- often in a competitive market
72
What is product led
Is when a bussness develops the product first and then try’s to sell it to the customer through intensive advertising. Little/ no marker research is carried out before production begins, instead time and money is spent on researching and development
Product led bussness often operate in:
- high tech industries
- with little competition
