OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach Flashcards
(22 cards)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
What are the 5 phases?
Phase One: Initial consideration and safe approach
Phase Two: Cold Zone Reconnaissance
Phase Three: Hot Zone Reconnaissance
Phase Four: Mitigation
Phase Five: Handover Scene
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase One
Explain the Main Aspects of Phase One
Initial Consideration & Safe Approach
- First arriving crews at a known or suspected HAZMAT incident:
* Size Up
* Approach Safely
* Establish Control
* Isolate the immediate area - Restrict Access
* Take immediate, critical actions to stabilise the incident
* Develop an Incident Mitigation Plan
- DANGER (learn the Acronym)
- Emergency Decontamination
- Ensures contamination on a FF/Casualty is reduced to a level where medical aid can be commenced, without endangering medical responders and risking the closure of medical facilities.
- Emergency Decontamination capability is to be established at the earliest opportunity and maintained for the duration of the incident as long as an exposure risk to HAZMAT remains.
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Emergency Decontamination
- Definition
- Key Steps
- Emergency Decontamination
- Ensures contamination on a FF/Casualty is reduced to a level where medical aid can be commenced, without endangering medical responders and risking the closure of medical facilities.
- Emergency Decontamination capability is to be established at the earliest opportunity and maintained for the duration of the incident as long as an exposure risk to HAZMAT remains.
KEY STEPS
- Move patient to fresh air
- Strip clothing
- Flush with water
- Cover Patient
- First aid
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OMS 068 - HAZMAT - Initial Response Operations
Outline the 2 Phase, 7 Step Approach
Phase 1: - Initial considerations and safe approach
1. Recognise that an incident may involve hazardous materials
2. Approach incident with caution (DANGER acronym)
3. Establish Control
4. Establish an initial isolation zone
5. Consider taking immediate action
Phase 2: - Cold Zone Reconnaissance
6. Conduct Cold Zone Reconnaissance
7. Further Considerations
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OMS 068 - HAZMAT - Initial Response Operations
Phase 1: - Initial considerations and safe approach
1. Recognise that an incident may involve hazardous materials
How do you go about doing this?
Recognise that an incident may involve hazardous materials:
Conduct Size Up enroute and on scene to identify the possible presence of hazardous materials. Indicators may include:
- Call type
- Incident location, eg. Major Hazard Facility
- Visual signs, eg. Coloured gas plume
- Vehicle or container types involved, eg. dangerous goods containers
- Victim presentation, eg. multiple casualties
- Environmental effect, eg. dead/dying vegetation and/or wildlife
- Signage, eg. Dangerous goods placarding
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OMS 068 - HAZMAT - Initial Response Operations
- Approach incident with caution (DANGER acronym)
Approach incident with caution:
D - Do not enter smoke, gas or vapour clouds
A - Approach from upwind and uphill
N - No closer than 70 metres
G - Gather information by observation from a safe location
E - Examine more closely, only if necessary and with full PPE
R - Respond according to the information gathered
*possible exam question (new doctrin)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Emergency Decontamination
- Key Steps
KEY STEPS
- Move patient to fresh air
- Strip clothing
- Flush with water
- Cover Patient
- First aid
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OMS 068 - HAZMAT - Initial Response Operations
Phase 2: - Cold Zone Reconnaissance
Phase 2: - Cold Zone Reconnaissance
Conduct information gathering from a safe location, uphill and upwind from any spill or leak, to answer the following questions:
- What is the hazardous material?
- How can the material affect us?
- How do we best protect ourselves?
- How can we deal with it?
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Two
Cold Zone Reconnaissance
List some sources of information which may assist in identifying the HAZMAT involved and the primary hazards they present:
- Signs and symptoms of casualties on site
- Visual indicators, such as flame colour, vapour clouds
- Outer Warning Placard and dangerous goods placard
- Globally Harmonised System (GHS) pictograms
- Gas cylinder colours
- Product and trade labelling
- Transport and shipping manifests
- European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) and National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) international labelling
- Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
- Container types and construction
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
HAZMAT information sources hierarchy (order of preference)
- DANGER (ensures safe approach)
- Hazchem Emergency Action Code (EAC) - informs risk assessment where immediate actions must be considered
- ANZERG - Identifies primary hazards, initial isolation distances for transportable quantities… these may be inadequate for bulk storage facilities
- ChemData - (HAG) - chemical specific advice, PPC and decon
- SDS and Atmospheric Monitoring - workplace exposure standards, may be utilised to implement Protective Action Zones in conjunction with Atmospheric Monitoring
- Technical Specialists - Scientific Advisors, HAZMAT techs, agency specialists, on-site chemists.
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Three
Hot Zone Reconnaissance
What is the purpose of Hot Zone Recon?
To answer any components of the 4 essential questions which could not be answered through Cold Zone Recon.
If a full picture is gained through Cold Zone Recon, there is no requirement to undertake Hot Zone Recon.
The Hot Zone Recon team is to undertake immediate mitigation tasks where possible. Operating isolation valves or blocking drainage points etc.
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Three
Hot Zone Reconnaissance
Atmospheric Hazards faced and their Control Measures
Oxygen Deficiency - Monitoring and BA
Oxygen Enriched - Monitoring, BA and PPC
Flammable or Explosive - LEL Monitoring, BA, PPC, Avoiding aerosol environments
Toxic - BA and PPC
Radiological - Limiting exposure time, increasing distance and shielding
Biological - BA and PPC
Flammable atmospheres present the greatest risk as BA and PPC doesn’t fully mitigate the hazard in the event of fire or explosion.
Continuously monitor LEL and never enter spaces where atmosphere exceeds 10% of LEL.
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Three
Hot Zone Reconnaissance
Selection of PPC
Selecting PPC is a key responsibility of the IC:
1. Level A - Fully encapsulating gas tight suit
2. Level B - Liquid tight (splash) suit with BA
3. Level C - Liquid tight (splash) suit with appropriate chemical respirator (currently not utilised by FRV)
4. Level D - Non-chemical protective workwear
5. Structural Firefighting ensemble with BA
6. Chemical protective gloves and/or boots
Hot Zone Recon Team should use the safest and most appropriate PPC.
The IC may increase or decrease the level of PPC recommended through ChemData where specific taskings deem it more appropriate.
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase 3
Technical Decontamination
Resourcing of the Technical Decontamination corridor should be aligned to the requirements and scale of the incident. Consideration should be given to:
- Creating a HAZMAT sector and allocating a Sector Commander. Where available this role should be filled by a HAZMAT technician.
- A BA Control Officer is to be appointed at all HAZMAT incidents where crews are required to enter the hot zone. The establishment of BA Sector should be considered to manage Stage 2 BA, airline operations etc.
- Appointing Safety Officers, either for specific areas, such as oversight of zones that requires specific levels of PPC for protection of monitoring decontamination areas.
- Appointing HAZMAT Tech qualified personnel to critical roles including:
- HAZMAT Sector Commander
- Decontamination Inspecting Officer
- Safety Officer
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase 3
Consider appointing HAZMAT Tech qualified personnel to critical roles including:
- HAZMAT Sector Commander
- Decontamination Inspecting Officer
- Safety Officer
*possible exam question (new doctrine)
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase 3
HOT ZONE RECONNAISSANCE TEAMS
Pre - Briefing SMEACSQ should include:
- Current Situation
- Known and potential hazards and any implemented controls
- Priority of objectives and taskings
- Communications plan
- Route of entry and egress
- Locations of emergency and technical decontamination
- Minimum BA pressure for return to decontamination
- Actions on:
- 10% of LEL readings
- Injury or other emergency
- Fire
- Loss of communications
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Three
Hot Zone Recon Team Taskings
Potential taskings for Hot Zone Recon Teams
- Identification and marking of best access/egress routes
- Identification and marking of any physical hazards
- Atmospheric monitoring to identify any LEL hazard and potentially locate source of leak/spill
- Photography of any points of interest, placarding, labelling, isolation and drainage systems, containers, etc.
- Confirmation of size and location of spill/leak
- Immediate mitigation by isolation of valves, blocking drains, etc. to limit further spills/leaks
- Isolation of machinery, services and ignition sources
- Visual observations including using a TIC to identify chemical reactions, etc
- Sample collection
- Potential for improving or restricting ventilation
- Identify potential mitigation strategies and resourcing needed
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Four - MITIGATION
Once sufficient situational awareness is achieved, an IAP including Mitigation Plan can be developed.
The Mitigation Plan should consist of the following:
- Isolate: Establish exclusion zones and control access
- Contain: Prevent by any means possible the spill or leak continuing and limit spread to a favourable location
- Recover: Move the contained material into a suitable container
- Treatment: Reduce residual site contamination to an acceptable level through neutralisation or dilution
- Decontamination: Technical decontamination of all crews and equipment leaving the site to ALARA level.
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
HAZMAT Definitions
Protective Action Zones (PAZ)
Cold Zone
Hot Zone
Protective Action Zones (PAZ) - Defined by actual observation and monitoring of atmospheric concentrations with reference to appropriate occupational or public health exposure standards.
Cold Zone - Area where atmospheric readings below TWA or half the PLV of the substance
Hot Zone - Area where atmospheric readings are greater than IDLH or 10% of LEL
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Five
Handover of Scene
Handover should be documented and agreed by all parties prior to implementation and include:
- Initial situation on arrival
- All identified and potential hazards
- Actions taken, ie. isolations, containment, recovery etc.
- Current situation including any residual hazards
- Further remediation works required and appropriate levels of PPC, specific clean-up methods, etc.
- Any legislative requirements, including use of EPA licence waste recovery companies, WorkSafe directives, etc
- Appropriate arrangements for the collection and disposal of any hazardous waste
- Triggers for recalling emergency services
- Any FRV resources left in place and recovery or disposal plan
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Five
Handover of Scene
Documentation and record keeping includes:
- Personal logs
- IAP
- Atmospheric Monitoring logs
- Forms including: HAG, PAZ, SDSs, HAZMAT Wrist Band Logs etc
- Photographs
- Records of specialist advice or risk management plans
- Handover Documents
OPG 006 - HAZMAT Incident Mitigation - 5-phase Approach
Phase Five
Handover of Scene
Post Incident Health Monitoring utilises:
- HAZMAT wrist bands
- Completing FRVSafe
- Request advice from Chief Medical Officer regarding current hazards and health risks
- Seek specialist advice where necessary, such as Department of Health for specific hazards such as radiation
- All attending crews are to be captured by Fast Card at the incident, for follow up health screening through 24/7 FRV Health Incident Triage Service where required.
