Ophthalmological Disorders

Question 1

Conjunctivitis management

Answer 1

Viral
- self limiting within 2 weeks
- clean with saline
- may be contagious for 24 hours

Bacterial
- self limiting in 5-7 days
- antibiotics if severe/symptoms don’t resolve within 3 days
- staphylococcal ot streptococcal - topical chloramphenicol or neomycin
- gonococcal - IV third generation cephalosporin
- chlamydia - oral erythromycin

Question 2

Hypermetropia management

Answer 2

Convex (plus) lenses

Question 3

Myopia management

Answer 3

Concave (minus) lenses

Question 4

Retinopathy of prematurity management

Answer 4

Screening for babies born <32 weeks or <1500g

Prevention by using reduced concentrations of oxygen when ventilating

Laser therapy reduces visual impairment

Question 5

Strabismus

Answer 5

Referral to specialist if red flags:
- Limited abduction
- Double vision
- Headaches
- Nystagmus

Correction of refractive error – corrective glasses

Occlusion or penalisation therapy to treat amblyopia
- Occlusion of normal eye with a patch for a number of hours per day depending on
age and severity
- Penalization – vision in the normal eye is deliberately blurred by using atropine
drops and is used when problematic compliance to occlusion

Eye exercises

Extraocular muscle surgery

Botulinum toxin – injection into an extraocular muscle causes paralysis for up to 3 months and corrects squints