ophthalmology

Question 1

Painful, red eye, increased lacrimation, blurry vision

Answer 1

Anterior uveitis

Question 2

What condition is anterior uveitis associated with

Answer 2

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 3

what is the management of anterior uveitis?

Answer 3

urgent ophthalmology review,

cycloplegics (atropine) and steroids

Question 4

unilateral reduced visual acuity, pain on moving eye

Answer 4

optic neuritis

Question 5

loss of red colour vision

Answer 5

optic neuritis

Question 6

what condition is optic neuritis associated with

Answer 6

multiple sclerosis

Question 7

red eye, pain, tearing, loss of vision, gritty sensation

Answer 7

keratitis

Question 8

which bacteria causes bacterial keratitis in contact lens wearers?

Answer 8

pseudomonas aerguinosa or staph aureus

Question 9

whats the management of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 9

topical quinolones and cycloplegic for pain relief

Question 10

what investigation is used for keratitis?

Answer 10

slit lamp

Question 11

what is the management of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

usually self limiting but chloramphenicol can be used in severe cases

Question 12

what is the management of bacterial conjunctivitis in a pregnant woman?

Answer 12

fusidic acid in place of chloramphenicol

Question 13

deep boring pain with severe red eye

Answer 13

scleritis

Question 14

how do you differentiate between Scleritis and episcleritis

Answer 14

topical vasoconstrictors such as 10% phenylephrine

Scleritis is non blanching

Question 15

sudden severe painful red eye, loss of visual acuity, fixed mid dilated pupil, nausea, headache

Answer 15

closed angle glaucoma

Question 16

what is the management of closed angle glaucoma

Answer 16

• urgent ophthalmology review
• pilocarpine (meiotic) + IV acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
• bilateral peripheral iridectomy once acute phase settled

Question 17

sudden painless curtain like loss of vision

Answer 17

retinal detachment

Question 18

painless flashers and floaters

Answer 18

retinal detachment

Question 19

painful flashers or floaters

Answer 19

anterior uveitis

Question 20

sudden painless visual loss and red hue

Answer 20

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 21

what is the most common cuase of vitreous haemorrhage?

Answer 21

diabetic retinopathy

Question 22

sudden painless loss of vision + stormy sunset appearance on fundoscopy

Answer 22

central retinal vein occlusion

Question 23

sudden painless loss of vision + cherry red spot on fundoscopy

Answer 23

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 24

what is the management of cataracts?

Answer 24

phacoemulsification

Question 25

slow onset tunnel vision

Answer 25

open angle glaucoma

Question 26

what sign is most commonly seen on fundoscopy in open angle glaucoma

Answer 26

disc cupping

Question 27

what drugs can be used to manage open angle glaucoma

Answer 27

latanoprost, timolol, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, meiotic, sympathomimetics

Question 28

what are the two mechanisms of action of the drugs used to manage open angle glaucoma

Answer 28

1. reduce aqueous production: b-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 2. increase uveoscleral outflow: prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost), sympathomimetic (brimonidine) 3. constriction of pupil and opening of trabecular meshwork (meiotic (pilocarpine)

Question 29

bilateral subacute fluctuating visual loss, often worse at night

Answer 29

age related macular degeneration

Question 30

what finding is commonly seen in dry AMDR

Answer 30

drusen

Question 31

what finding is commonly seen in wet AMDR

Answer 31

new vessel formation

Question 32

what is the investigation of choice for AMDR

Answer 32

slit lamp microscopy

Question 33

what is the management for wet AMDR

Answer 33

anti VEGF, laser photocoagulation

Question 34

dot and blot haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and tortuous vessels

Answer 34

diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy

Question 35

AV nicking and copper wire appearance

Answer 35

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 36

what is the managment of herpetic keratitis?

Answer 36

topical aciclovir

Question 37

what nerve can be damaged in an orbital floor fracture?

Answer 37

infraorbital nerve

Question 38

double vision, worse on looking up, numbness of the face following trauma

Answer 38

orbital floor fracture

Question 39

ptosis and dilated pupil

Answer 39

third nerve palsy

Question 40

ptosis and constricted pupil

Answer 40

horners syndrome

Question 41

what is the liekly cause and management of small pus filled abscess on eyelid ( no change to vision)

Answer 41

sty - treat by soaking with wet flannel

Question 42

what eye condition is associated with hypermetropia? and myopia?

Answer 42

hypermetropia = acute angle closure glaucoma myopia = primary open angle glaucoma