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4th year revision > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What is the treatment for asthma?

A
  1. SABA
  2. SABA + ICS
  3. SABA + ICS+ LABA
    • LTRA
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2
Q

what is the treatment for COPD?

A
  1. SABA (+/- ICS)
  2. LABA + LAMA OR LABA + ICS
  3. LABA + LAMA + ICS
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3
Q

fine end inspiratory crackles

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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4
Q

what things cause upper zone fibrosis?

A 
C - coal workers lung 
H - histiocytosis 
A - ankylosing spondylosis
R - radiation
T - TB
S - sarcoidosis/silicosis
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5
Q

what things cause lower lobe fibrosis?

A
  • interstitial lung disease
  • asbestosis
  • connective tissue disorder
  • drug induced
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6
Q

what are side effects of the the 4 TB drugs?

A

Rifampicin - orange secretions

Ethambutol - eye issues

Pyramidazole - gout and hepatitis

Isoniazid - liver issues and peripheral neuropathy

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7
Q

what is the management of community acquired pneumonia?

A

mild (0-2) = oral amoxicillin 5 days

severe (3+) = IV co-amoxiclav and doxycycline

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8
Q

what is the managment of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

non severe = amoxicillin 5 days

severe = IV amox and gent 7 days

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9
Q

what is the most common organism in CAP

A

h influenzae

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10
Q

what is the most common organism in HAP

A

pneumococcus, h influenzae

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11
Q

what syndromes are associated with small cell lung cancer

A

ACTH secreting

lambert eaton myasthenia

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12
Q

what syndrome is associated with squamous cell lung cancer

A

hypercalcaemia

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13
Q

what is the management of PE

A

haemodynamically unstable = thrombolysis

haemodynamically stable = DOAC (3 months if provoked, 6 months if unprovoked)

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14
Q

what is the investigation for active and latent tuberculosis

A 
active = sputum culture is gold standard 
latent = mantoux test
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15
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles due to chronic infection

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16
Q

what is the managment of bronchiectasis?

A

lung physio, antibiotics, bronchodilators (SABA)

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17
Q

what is the best investigation for bronchiectasis

A

high resolution CT

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18
Q

what spirometry pattern is seen on bronchiectasis

19
Q

what is the genetic mutation seen in CF

Study These Flashcards
A

AR - cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene on chromosome 7

20
Q

what are the key features of CF

Study These Flashcards
A

meconium ileus, recurrent chest infections, malabsorption, liver disease

21
Q

how is CF diagnosed?

Study These Flashcards
A

day 5/7 heel prick

sweat test

22
Q

what is the managment of CF

Study These Flashcards
A
  • twice daily chest physio
  • high calorie diet
  • avoidance of other patient with CF
  • pancreatic enzyme replacement
23
Q

how do you differentiate between a exudate and transudate in the context of pleural effusion

Study These Flashcards
A

Exudate = >35g protein + high LDH (often unilateral)

Transudate = <35g protein (often billateral)

24
Q

what are examples of exudative causes of pleural effusion

Study These Flashcards
A

infection, malignancy, PE, inflammation

25
what are examples of transudative causes of pleural effusion
congestive cardiac failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, CKD, coeliacs
26
whats the difference between primary and secondary pneumothorax
secondary is when the person has an underlying lung disease
27
whats the management of primary pneumothorax
- <2cm and no SOB = discharge and follow up | - >2cm/ SOB = aspirate (and if doesnt work chest drain)
28
whats the management of a secondary pneumothorax
- >50y/old and >2cm/SOB = chest drain - 1-2cm = aspirate - <1cm = admit and O2
29
where is a chest drain inserted
5th intercostal space mid axillary line
30
where is an chest aspirate inserted
2nd intercostal space mid clavicular line
31
give an example of a SABA
salbutamol
32
give an example of a SAMA
ipratropium
33
Give an example of a LABA
salmeterol
34
Give an example of a LAMA
tiotropium
35
pneumonia seen in alcoholics?
klebsiella pneumonia
36
pneumonia seen post influenza infection
staph aureus pneumonia
37
what are complications of mycoplasma pneumonia?
- haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia (caused by cold agglutins) - erythema multiforme
38
what is the management of mycoplasma pneumonia?
doxycycline or macrolide
39
what test is used to differentiate between severe and life threatning asthma?
ABG
40
what are the criteria for life threatning asthma?
- PEFR <33% - O2 <92% - normal pCO2 - silent chest, cyansosis, feeble resp effort
41
what are the criteria for severe asthma?
- PEFR 33-50% - cannot complete full sentence - RR >25 - HR >110
42
what are the criteria for moderate asthma?
- PEFR 50-75 - normal speech - RR <25 - HR <110
43
which lung cancer is associated with SIADH?
small cell lung cancer
44
which antibiotic is used in COPD prophylaxis?
azithromycin

4th year revision (32 decks)

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