Ophthalmology Flashcards
(24 cards)
Painful red eye, decreased visual acuity, haloes, semi-dilated pupil
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Painful red eye, blurred vision, photophobia, small fixed pupil
Anterior uveitis
Painful, tender, red eye, pain worse on movement
Scleritis
Painful red eye, visual loss, post intraocular surgery
Endophthalmitis
Peripheral visual field loss, decreased visual acuity, optic disc cupping + pallor
Primary open angle glaucoma
Flashes in periphery, floaters on temporal side
Post vitreous detachment
Shadow progressing towards central vision
Retinal detachment
Sudden visual loss or dark spots, diabetes/anticoagulants
Vitreous haemorrhage
Cherry red spot on pale retina, afferent pupillary defect, acute vision loss
Central retinal artery occlusion
Retinal haemorrhages, HTN/polycythaemia, acute vision loss
Central retinal vein occlusion
Amaurosis fugax (curtain coming down), acute vision loss
Ischaemic - atheroma/embolus/optic neuropathy/vasculitis/TIA
Unilateral dilated pupil, slowly reactive to accommodation
Holmes-Adie pupil, can be associated with absent ankle/knee reflexes (H-A syndrome)
Constricted pupil, irregular shape, no light reflex, brisk accommodation
Argyll-Robertson. DM/syphilis.
Microaneurysm, blot haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, venous beading
Moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Blot haemorrhages and microaneurysms in 4 quadrants, venous beading in 2 quadrants
Severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Retinal neovascularisation, vitreous haemorrhage, fibrous tissue ant to retinal disc, DM
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, anhidrosis face, arm and trunk
Central horner’s - stroke, syringomyelia, MS, tumour
Miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, anhidrosis of face only
Pre-ganglionic horner’s - Pancoast’s tumour, thyroidectomy, trauma, cervical rib
Miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos, no anhidrosis
Post-ganglionic horner’s - carotid artery dissection, carotid aneurysm, cavernous sinus thrombosis, cluster headache
Arteriolar narrowing and tortuosity, silver wiring
Stage 1 hypertensive retinopathy
Arteriovenous nipping
Stage II hypertensive retinopathy
Cotton-wool exudate, flame and blot haemorrhages
Stage III hypertensive retinopathy
Papilloedema
Stage IV hypertensive retinopathy
Painful red eye, photophobia, foreign body sensation
Keratitis - Staph aureus, pseudomonas in contact lens wearers, amoebic if soil/water exposure, HSV
