Ophthalmology Flashcards
(51 cards)
<p>Where is the anterior chamber?</p>
<p>Between the cornea and the iris</p>
<p>Where is the posterior chamber?</p>
<p>Behind the iris</p>
<p>Which is the outermost layer of the eye?</p>
<p>Cornea</p>
<p>What makes up the uveal tract?</p>
<p>Iris, Ciliary body and Choroid</p>
<p>Which layer provides 2/3 of the refractive power of the eye?</p>
<p>Cornea</p>
<p>Which layer provides 1/3 of the refractive power of the eye</p>
<p>Lens</p>
<p>Emmetropia</p>
<p>When the eye is the correct length and the image is focused on the retina</p>
<p>Hyperopia (farsightedness) </p>
<p>When the eye is too short and the image is focused behind the retina</p>
<p>Myopia (nearsightedness)</p>
<p>When the eye is too long and the image is focused in front of the retina</p>
<p>Astigmatism</p>
<p>When the refracting power of the cornea is different in one meridian than another (image is distorted and blurred)</p>
<p>Presbyopia</p>
<p>Lens loses its ability to accommodate and becomes more convex</p>
<p>VA</p>
<p>Visual acuity, the smallest object a person can identify at a given distance from the eye</p>
<p>OD</p>
<p>Oculus dexter : right eye</p>
<p>OS</p>
<p>Oculus sinister : left eye</p>
<p>OU</p>
<p>Oculus uterque : both eyes</p>
<p>CC</p>
<p>With correction</p>
<p>SC</p>
<p>Without correction</p>
<p>By which age must a child have undergone visual acuity testing?</p>
<p>7, preferably 5</p>
<p>Which 4 areas of vision must be checked during the eye exam?</p>
<p>Visual acuity, pupils, extraocular motility, ophthalmoscopy</p>
<p>How is color blindness carried genetically?</p>
<p>X-linked recessive</p>
<p>What do you use to detect a corneal epithelial defect?</p>
<p>Woods lamp of cobalt blue filter</p>
<p>What is a normal intraocular pressure?</p>
<p>8-21mmHg</p>
<p>Tonometry</p>
<p>Eye pressure</p>
<p>When is it indicated to assess anterior chamber depth?</p>
<p>When narrow angle glaucoma is suspected prior to dilation</p>
What does the Rosenbaum card test?
Near VA
What does the Snellen chart test?
Distance VA
Tropicamide 1%
mydriatic drops (gtts)
Proparacaine HCl
Topical anesthetic
Visual acuity
Not "vision", it is the ability to resolve a certain size object at a given distance
What do you always check first?
Visual acuity
What is the normal range of VA?
20/12 to 20/25
What does 20/100 mean?
Patient can see at 20' what a 20/20 person can see at 100'
How is legal blindness defined?
20/200 or less corrected with the better eye, or less than 120 degrees of field
How many letters of a row must a patient correctly identify?
Half
For one optic nerve to function differently than the other nerve, where is the damage?
anterior to the chiasm
Sphincter adhesions
Posterior synechiae
How many cardinal fields are there?
6
How many positions of gaze are there?
9
Can you leave a patient's contacts in when doing an ophthalmoscopic exam?
Yes
At which angle do you approach the patient's eye to visualize the optic disc?
An angle of 15 degrees temporal to the visual axis
Visual axis
From fixation target to the central macula
Order of examination
Optic disc, retinal blood vessels, periphery, macula, fovea
Red reflex
Reflection of light off of the retina
How far away do you view the red reflex?
1 foot
What is a normal red reflex?
Evenly colored and not interrupted by shadows
How do media opacities appear?
As black silhouettes and best seen in dilated pupils
Where is the optic nerve located
15 degrees nasal to the fovea on the equator of the globe
Normal artery to vein ratio
2:03
How do arteries appear?
Lighter in color and smaller in diameter than veins
What 3 things do you look for in retinal vessels?
Hemorrhages, hard or soft exudates, or cotton wool spots
Where is the macula located?
2 disc diameters temporally and slightly inferiorly to the optic disc
