Ophthalmology in Primary Care Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ophthalmology in Primary Care Lecture Powerpoint Deck (38)
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1
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

Patient presents with pain, tearing, and photophobia second to corneal epithelium trauma, clinically diagnosed with fluorscein dye stain, treat with topical antibiotics because increased risk of infection, use topical erythromycin , most of time does not require patching unless large abrasion

2
Q

Upon removal of foreign body from the eye need referral to ophthalmology to remove..

A

….residual rust ring

3
Q

Morgan lens

A

Contact lens that is connected to IV tube that irrigates the lid and the corneal surface to flush out eyes after chemical burn until pH returns to normal

4
Q

Numbness in cheeks and upper lip suggests ___ fracture, numbness in eyebrow and forehead suggests ___ fracture

A

floor, roof

5
Q

Chalazion (stye)

A

Blocked meibomian gland or eyelash hair follicle? that presents with a wel defined, subcunaeous nodule within the eyelid

6
Q

A Chalazion (stye) is NOT a ____

A

infectious process, don’t need antibiotics

7
Q

Chalazion treatment (3)

A
  • Warm compresses to eyelid
  • doxy BID for its anti oil properties (like acne meds)
  • intralesional injection of steroids
8
Q

Dacryocystis treatment (4)

A
  • oral antibiotics augmentin
  • IV if severe
  • warm compress
  • referral for I&D
9
Q

Preseptal cellulitis lacks these 4 things compared to orbital cellulitis

A
  • no conjunctival redness
  • no pain with eye movement
  • no restriction of extraocular mobility
  • Can treat outpatient instead of admit for IV antibiotics in hospital
10
Q

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus affects what dermatome?

A

V1 (ophthalmic division of trigem)

11
Q

Hutchinson’s sign

A

A rash that involves the nose that predicts herpes zoster ophthalmicus and other diseases associated from this

12
Q

Typical treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis (2)

A
  • moxifloxacin

- ofloxacin

13
Q

“True” pink eye

A

Viral induced conjunctivitis, watery, droopy lid, pinkish coloration

14
Q

Clinical sign: Inferior tarsal conjunctival follicles

A

Pale, dome shaped nodules tender upon palpation in the area around the eye indicative of viral conjunctivitis

15
Q

Clinical sign: Upper tarsal conjunctival papillae

A

Small flattened nodules with a central vascular core see on the upper lid indicative of allergic conjunctivitis

16
Q

3 topical mast cell stabilizers for allergic conjunctivitis

A
  • zaditor
  • alaway
  • pataday
17
Q

In patients with allergic conjunctivitis want to avoid ____ products because _____

A

“get the red out”, rebound hyperemia when stopped

18
Q

Contact lens overwear can cause 2 possible conditions

A
  • non infectious overwear can cause vascularity to grow in the cornea
  • infectious leads to corneal ulcer
19
Q

Most common cause of bacterial corneal ulcer

A

Improper contact lens wear/care

20
Q

Clinical sign: Dendritic branching staining pattern on flurescin staining of eye

A

Herpes simplex virus

21
Q

Elderly patient with “red eye” with nausea and vomiting likely indicates…

A

….high intraocular pressure

22
Q

Definitive reatment for acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Laser peripheral iridotomy

23
Q

Clinical sign: Leukocoria

A

When a white pupillary reflex is noted rather than normal on a fundoscopic exam which can indicate malignant lethal tumor called retinoblastoma, assume tumor until proven otherwise

24
Q

Possible causes of leukocoria (4)

A
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Toxocariasis
  • Coat’s disease
  • Congenital cataracts
25
Q

Congenital nasolacrimal ductobstruction

A

Persistent tearing, crusting of eyelashes

26
Q

Clinical sign: wet looking eyes, reflex of mucopurulent material from punctum when pressure is applied over lacrimal sac

A

Indicates congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, different from conjunctivitis in that conjunctiva is not injected

27
Q

How do differentiate between congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with congenital glaucoma which also causes tearing?

A

Enlarged globe and corneal diameter >12mm is indicative of glaucoma

28
Q

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction treatment (3)

A
  • digital massage 2-4x a day over duct
  • moxifloxacin drops or erythromycin ointment
  • physical opening of tube
29
Q

Amblyopia

A

An eye that does not see well due to abnormal visual development, develops during first decade of life and does not worsen later on

30
Q

Clinical sign: poorer vision in an eye that cannot be improved with glasses

A

Amblyopia

31
Q

Amblyopia origin (3)

A
  • idiopathic (most common)
  • anisometropia (major diff in refractive error between eyes, eye with worse refractive error sends blurred image to retina and visual pathways and visual cortex is not stimulated)
  • strabismus (misalignment of eyes either esotropic or exotropic or hyper hypo tropic, if it is intermittent and alternates between two eyes, good vision can still develop but if constant in one eye amblyopia will likely occur
32
Q

How strabismus can lead to amblyopia

A

When eyes are misaligned, 2 diff images sent to brain resulting in diplopia, during visual development brain shuts down to deviated eye to avoid diplopia, as reesult visual cortex is not stimulated properly causing poorer vision results in the nonfixating eye

33
Q

How amblyopia can lead to strabismus

A

Good vision is an essential stimulus to keeping eyes straight, if one is amblyopic, stimulus is lost and eyes can become misaligned, disuse exotropia being most common mech of this

34
Q

Adult who has good vision that then becomes double vision is likely due to…

A

…cranial nerve palsy

35
Q

Cells in flare/cilliary flush is indicative of…

A

….iritis

36
Q

High risk group for corneal ulceration

A

Contact lens wearers

37
Q

Common cause of dendritic keratitis is ____, could also be herpes opthalmacus which presents with ____

A

Herpes simplex I viral infection often from contact lens use, associated vesicles near the eye

38
Q

Epischleritis shows up only in ____ ulcerative colitis or IBS while iritis can show up in ______

A

active, active or not

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