Ophthalmology - Miscellaneous

Question 1

what is papilloedema?

Answer 1

swollen optic dics secondary to raised ICP

Question 2

features of papilloedema?

Answer 2

visual loss
blurred
constricted visual field
decreased colour vision

Question 3

what components is ICP made up of?

Answer 3

brain
blood
CSF

Question 4

what causes horner’s syndrome to result?

Answer 4

interruption of the faces sympathetic nerve supply (thoracolumbar)

travels through internal carotid so pathology here can cause

Question 5

features of horner’s syndrome?

Answer 5

ptosis
miosis
anhydrosis

Question 6

causes of horner’s syndrome?

Answer 6

surgery
ICA dissection
brachial plexus trauma
pancoast tumour

Question 7

what is a phoria?

Answer 7

latent squint

Question 8

what is a tropia?

Answer 8

manifest squint

Question 9

features of a phoria?

Answer 9

symmetrical corneal reflections
deviation in both eyes
binocular vision

Question 10

features of a tropia?

Answer 10

asymmetrical corneal reflections
poor binocular vision
squint in one eye at a time

Question 11

what is it called when the eye is in? what way does it move on cover test?

Answer 11

ESO

out

Question 12

what is it called when the eye is out? what way does it move on cover test?

Answer 12

EXO

in

Question 13

Tx for amblyopia?

Answer 13

correct refractive error
<8yrs patch
botox
surgery

Question 14

causes of no red reflex?

Answer 14

coloboma
cataract
retinoblastoma
retinal detachment

Question 15

how is toxoplasmosis spread?

Answer 15

cat/dog poo

parasitic roundworm that infects humans

Question 16

features of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 16

chorioretinitis
(blurred vision)

encephalitis
(slurred speech
headache
unsteady gait
confusion)

sight loss

Question 17

what is blepharitis?

Answer 17

inflam of the eyelids

Question 18

Tx for blepharitis?

Answer 18

lid hygiene
warm compress
doxy if needed

Question 19

what is posterior blepharitis? where is red?

Answer 19

meibomian gland dysfunction

red in deeper part of lid

Question 20

what is anterior blepharitis? where is redder?

Answer 20

inflam of skin, lashes and lash follicles

lig margin redder

Question 21

what does CN VI supply?

Answer 21

LR

Question 22

what does CN IV supply?

Answer 22

SO

Question 23

what does CN III supply?

Answer 23

LPS
extraocular muscles (not LR and SO)
constrictor pupillae
ciliary muscles

Question 24

what is a CN III palsy like? what can cause it?

Answer 24

down and out

painful = aneurysm

blown pupil = tumour/compression

pupil spared = ischaemic/DM/HT

Question 25

what is a CN IV palsy like? what can cause it?

Answer 25

depression and adducted vertical double vision head trauma tumour congenital

Question 26

what is a CN VIpalsy like? what can cause it?

Answer 26

abduction horizontal double vision tumour congenital usually have raised ICP

Question 27

in order, what is the shortest to longest acting dilating drops? how long?

Answer 27

tropicamide cyclopentolate (1day) atropine (3wks)

Question 28

causes of papilloedema?

Answer 28

SOL idiopathic intracranial HT hypercapnia hydrocephalus

Question 29

features of anterior bleph? | how do you differentiate between seb and staph?

Answer 29

gritty foreign body sensation seb: red lid, scale, dry staph: red lid, lashes distorted, styes

Question 30

what is posterior bleph associated with?

Answer 30

rosacea

Question 31

features of posterior bleph?

Answer 31

chalazia | pouted/swollen meibomiam glands

Question 32

Tx for posterior bleph?

Answer 32

topical steroids | doxy