Ophthalmology - Red Eye

Question 1

features of allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

mucous

itchy

Question 2

features of viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

watery

follicles on underside of lid

Question 3

features of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

purulent
gritty eyes
stuck together
papillae on underside lid

Question 4

common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

staph
streo
chlamydia

Question 5

viral causes of conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

adenovirus (after URTI)
HZV
HSV

Question 6

Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

clean eyelids

chloramphenicol 4xday

Question 7

what is keratitis?

Answer 7

microbial invasion of the cornea

EMERGENCY

Question 8

commonest cause of keratitis?

Answer 8

corneal ulcer (HS)

bacterial
fungal
viral

Question 9

features of a corneal ulcer?

Answer 9

severe pain 
photophobia
lacrimation
reduced vision
red eye
± hypophyn

Question 10

features of viral keratitis?

Answer 10

bilateral

after URTI

Question 11

Ix for corneal ulcer?

Answer 11

corneal scraping

+ microscopy/culture/PCR

Question 12

Tx for viral corneal ulcer?

Answer 12

acyclovir if HS

steroids if adenovirus

Question 13

features of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 13

painful
decreased eye movements
colour vision goes
decreased visual acuity 
fever

Question 14

how to differentiate orbital and peri orbital cellulitis?

Answer 14

orbital function remains

stye often causes

Question 15

risks factors for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 15

sinusitis
post op
kids

Question 16

Ix for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 16

CT

inflam markers

Question 17

Tx for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 17

ceftriaxone + fluclox + met

Question 18

what is endopthalmitis?

Answer 18

infection of the intraocular eye fluids

Question 19

when does endopthalmitis often occur?

Answer 19

post op

Question 20

causes of endopthalmitis?

Answer 20

staph epi

Question 21

Tx for endopthalmitis? how is it prophylactically avoided?

Answer 21

intravitreal Abx

given during surgery

Question 22

features of episcleritis?

Answer 22

blanching eye redness

not painful

Question 23

what are features of scleritis?

Answer 23

painful
deep red
lacrimation
photophobia
vessels do not blanch
systemic disease

Question 24

Tx for scleritis?

Answer 24

NSAIDs

steroids

Question 25

what is anterior uveitis?

Answer 25

inflam of the iris + ciliary body (made up the anterior uvea)

Question 26

features of anterior uveitis?

Answer 26

``` pain dull ache reduced vision photophobia curcumcorneal redness hypopyn cells in anterior chamber synechiae ```

Question 27

causes of anterior uveitis?

Answer 27

UC ank spon sarcoid TB

Question 28

Tx for anterior uveitis?

Answer 28

steroids mydriatics investigate for systemic disease

Question 29

what is the normal IOP?

Answer 29

10-21mmHg

Question 30

what causes acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 30

closure of the anterior angle chamber fluid builds up as usually drains through this angle causes raised IOP

Question 31

risk factors for acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 31

elderly hypermetropia (long sighted) coming from dark to bright lights

Question 32

features of acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 32

``` pain N+V headache blurred vision cloudy cornea pupil non reactive and mid dilated circumcorneal redness ```

Question 33

Ix for acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 33

gonioscopy | avoid dark rooms

Question 34

Tx for acute closed angle glaucoma? example of drug from each class?

Answer 34

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) B blockers (timolol) cholinergic agonist (pilocarpine - pupils CONSTRICT) topical steroids laser peripheral iridectomy once IOP controlled

Question 35

what bacterial causes keratitis? what do contact lens wearers often get?

Answer 35

staph aureus pseudomonas aerguinosa in contact lens wearers

Question 36

what is the preferred conjunctivitis treatment in pregnancy? why?

Answer 36

topical fusidic acid | risk of aplastic anaemia

Question 37

features of a corneal abrasion?

Answer 37

``` gritty photophobia painful blurred vision pain ```

Question 38

Ix for corneal abrasion?

Answer 38

fluorescin dye (yellow glow in epithelial surface breaks)

Question 39

Tx for corneal abrasion?

Answer 39

chloramphenicol dilate (cyclopentolate) analgesia

Question 40

who gets fungal corneal ulcers?

Answer 40

contact lens wearers | acamthamoeba

Question 41

what can cause peripheral eye ulcers?

Answer 41

RA HS vasculitis

Question 42

Ix for corneal ulcer?

Answer 42

corneal scrape gram stain and culture PCR

Question 43

common cause of bacterial ulcers?

Answer 43

staph | strep