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1. 4th year > ophthalmology treatments > Flashcards

ophthalmology treatments Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

blepharitis (3)

A

hot compresses twice daily
lid hygeine - removal of debris
artificial tears

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2
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chloramphenicol drops 2-3 hourly or ointment QDS

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3
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis in pregnant women or staph infection

A

fusidic acid BD

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4
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis pseudomonas

A

gentamicin

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5
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis chlamydia

A

oxytetracycline

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6
Q

1st line treatment allergic conjunctivitis

A

topical/oral antihistamine

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7
Q

2nd line treatment allergic conjunctivitis

A

topical mast cell stabiliser - sodium cromoglicate and nedocromil

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8
Q

tx baby with purulent eye discharge

A

urgent swab samples using methods to identify CT and NG

start systemic tx for gonococcal infection

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9
Q

bacterial keratitis

A

topical ofloxacin or gentamicin

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10
Q

viral keratitis

A

topical aciclovir

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11
Q

autoimmune keratitis

A

topical steroids - RULE OUT OTHER CAUSE FIRST

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12
Q

pain relief in keratitis

A

cycloplegic e.g. cyclopentolate

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13
Q

herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

oral antiviral 10 days

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14
Q

anterior uveitis

A

topical/oral steroid + topical cycloplegic e.g. atropine, cyclopentolate

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15
Q

differentiating scleritis and episcleritis

A

phenylephrine

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16
Q

scleritis tx

A

oral steroids and NSAID

investigate for underlying cause

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17
Q

endopthalmitis

A

intravitreal antibiotics - amikacin, vancomycin

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18
Q

1st line dacrocystitis

A

chloramphenicol

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19
Q

2nd line dacrocystitis

A

oral antibiotics

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20
Q

ix for orbital cellutitis

A

CT with contrast - but dont wait for this to start abx

FBC
blood culture

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21
Q

tx orbital cellulitis

A

IV ceftriaxone, flucloxicillin, metronidazole 10-14 days

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22
Q

tx periorbital cellulitis

A

co-amoxiclav 7-10 days

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23
Q

investigation if periorbital cellulitis but suspicious or orbital cellulitis

A

contrast CT

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24
Q

CRAO

A

if < 24 hours

  • ocular massage
  • IV acetazolamide
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25
amaurosis fugax
aspirin 300mg
26
secondary prevention after amaurosis fugax
clopidogrel | 2nd line aspirin and dypyridamole
27
GCA ix
ESR and temporal artery biopsy
28
GCA tx no visual loss
60mg prenisolone oral if no visual loss
29
GCA with visual loss
IV methylprednisolone
30
ix to identify neovascularisation
fluorescein angiography
31
ix suspected retinal detachment
slit lamp and ophthalmoscope within 24 hours
32
investigation for MS with optic neuritis
MRI with contrast
33
tx optic neuritis
high dose steroid
34
1st line ix in ARMD
slit lamp microscopy
35
tx DARMD
visual aids, zinc and anti-oxidant
36
ix if suspect wet ARMD
fluorescein angiography
37
tx wet ARMD
anti - VEGF ranibizumba, bevacizumab, pegaptanib 4 weekly injection
38
when should anti-VEGF be initiated in wet ARMD
within 2 months
39
cataract
phacoemulsification
40
ix glaucoma IOP
applanation tomography
41
ix glaucoma visual field defects
perimetrry
42
ix glaucoma optic disc cupping
fundoscopy
43
glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: latanoprost
prostaglandin analgoue - increase drainage of AH by increasing uveoscleral outflow
44
glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: timolol
reduce production of AH
45
glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: brominidine, apraclonidine
sympathomimetic a-adrenergic agonists | reduce production of AH and increase outflow
46
glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: dorzolamide, acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - reduce production of AH
47
glaucoma drugs: mechanism of action: pilocarpine
muscarinic receptor agonist - parasympathomimetic - constricts the pupil and pulls lens away from meshwork which reduces resistant to outflow
48
SE - glaucoma drugs: latanoprost
change colour of iris | increased lash length
49
SE - glaucoma drugs: timolol
dry eyes, systemic absorption, bradycardia
50
when is timolol contraindicated in glaucoma
asthma/COPD | heart block
51
SE - glaucoma drugs: brominidine
dry mouth lethargy hyperaemia
52
SE - glaucoma drugs: Acetazolomide
peri-oral tingling parasthesia renal stones metabolic acidosis
53
SE - glaucoma drugs: pilocarpine
miosis dimming of vision brow pain in first few weeks poor vision in low light
54
1st line chronic open angle glaucoma
topical latanoprost
55
2nd line chronic open angle glaucoma
topical timolol or topical dozolamide or topical brimonidine
56
definitive treatment chronic open angle glaucoma
trabeculectomy
57
tx acute closed angle glaucoma 1st line
IV acetazolamide
58
tx acute closed angle glaucoma - add ons to IV acetazolamide
+/- timolol +/- apraclonidine +/- pilocarpine (all topical)
59
drug tx acute closed angle glaucoma if all others fail
mannitol
60
surgical treatment acute closed angle glaucoma - definitive but after drug treatment
laser peripheral iridotomy
61
tx diabetic retinopathy
pan retinal photocoagulation | tighter glycaemic control
62
ix squints
cover test
63
tx ambylopia
cover good eye

1. 4th year (23 decks)

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